Receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which constitute the largest receptor family in plants, are essential for perceiving and relaying information about various environmental stimuli. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades towards elucidating the mechanisms of action of several RLKs, with emerging paradigms pointing to their roles in cell adaptations. Among these paradigms, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) proteins and their rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptide ligands have attracted much interest. In particular, FERONIA (FER) is a CrRLK1L protein that participates in a wide array of physiological processes associated with RALF signalling, including cell growth and monitoring cell wall integrity, RNA and energy metabolism, and phytohormone and stress responses. Here, we analyse FER in the context of CrRLK1L members and their ligands in multiple species. The FER working model raises many questions about the role of CrRLK1L signalling networks during cell adaptation. For example, how do CrRLK1Ls recognize various RALF peptides from different organisms to initiate specific phosphorylation signal cascades? How do RALF-FER complexes achieve their specific, sometimes opposite, functions in different cell types? Here, we summarize recent major findings and highlight future perspectives in the field of CrRLK1L signalling networks.

中文翻译：

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细胞适应的新范式：对 CrRLK1L 受体激酶信号网络的数十年发现

受体样激酶 (RLK) 构成植物中最大的受体家族，对于感知和传递有关各种环境刺激的信息至关重要。在过去的几十年里，在阐明几种 RLK 的作用机制方面取得了巨大进展，新兴范式指出了它们在细胞适应中的作用。在这些范式中，长春花受体样激酶 1 样 ( Cr RLK1L) 蛋白及其快速碱化因子 (RALF) 肽配体引起了很多兴趣。特别是，FERONIA (FER) 是一种CrRLK1L 蛋白参与与 RALF 信号传导相关的各种生理过程，包括细胞生长和监测细胞壁完整性、RNA 和能量代谢，以及植物激素和应激反应。在这里，我们在Cr RLK1L 成员及其在多个物种中的配体的背景下分析 FER 。FER 工作模型提出了许多关于Cr RLK1L 信号网络在细胞适应过程中的作用的问题。例如，Cr如何RLK1Ls 识别来自不同生物体的各种 RALF 肽以启动特定的磷酸化信号级联？RALF-FER 复合物如何在不同细胞类型中实现其特定的、有时相反的功能？在这里，我们总结了最近的主要发现，并强调了Cr RLK1L 信号网络领域的未来前景。