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The pilocarpine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: Over one decade later, with more rodent species and new investigative approaches
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.020
Maxime Lévesque 1 , Giuseppe Biagini 2 , Marco de Curtis 3 , Vadym Gnatkovsky 4 , Julika Pitsch 5 , Siyan Wang 1 , Massimo Avoli 6
Affiliation  

Fundamental work on the mechanisms leading to focal epileptic discharges in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) often rests on the use of rodent models in which an initial status epilepticus (SE) is induced by kainic acid or pilocarpine. In 2008 we reviewed how, following systemic injection of pilocarpine, the main subsequent events are the initial SE, the latent period, and the chronic epileptic state. Up to a decade ago, rats were most often employed and they were frequently analysed only behaviorally. However, the use of transgenic mice has revealed novel information regarding this animal model. Here, we review recent findings showing the existence of specific neuronal events during both latent and chronic states, and how optogenetic activation of specific cell populations modulate spontaneous seizures. We also address neuronal damage induced by pilocarpine treatment, the role of neuroinflammation, and the influence of circadian and estrous cycles. Updating these findings leads us to propose that the rodent pilocarpine model continues to represent a valuable tool for identifying the basic pathophysiology of MTLE.



中文翻译:

近中颞叶癫痫的毛果芸香碱模型:十多年后,更多的啮齿动物物种和新的研究方法

关于导致颞叶内侧癫痫 (MTLE) 局灶性癫痫放电机制的基础工作通常依赖于啮齿动物模型的使用,其中初始癫痫持续状态(SE) 由红藻氨酸或毛果芸香碱诱导。2008 年,我们回顾了全身注射毛果芸香碱后的主要后续事件是初始 SE、潜伏期和慢性癫痫状态。直到十年前,最常使用大鼠,而且经常只对它们的行为进行分析。然而,转基因小鼠的使用揭示了有关该动物模型的新信息。在这里,我们回顾了最近的发现,这些发现表明在潜伏状态和慢性状态下都存在特定的神经元事件,以及特定细胞群的光遗传学激活如何调节自发性癫痫发作。我们还解决了毛果芸香碱治疗引起的神经元损伤、神经炎症的作用以及昼夜节律和发情周期的影响。

更新日期:2021-09-03
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