Innovation and international trade are crucial determinants of economic growth. Research on economic growth has mainly focused on the possible link between innovation and economic growth as well as the link between international trade and economic growth. Yet, research on the nexus that exists among innovation, international trade, and economic growth has remained unexplored. Moreover, research on the individual contributing factor of innovation and international trade to economic growth in the same study has equally remained unexplored. Thus, to address these gaps, this study evaluated the connection among all three variables. It further examined the individual contributing factor of innovation and international trade to economic growth. Annual time-series data of the Ghanaian economy over a period of 2000–2019 was employed in this study. The findings established that all three variables: innovation, international trade, and economic growth cointegrated. This implies that there was a long-run equilibrium association between all three variables. The study further estimated long-run cointegration parameters using the fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares. The results proved that there was evidence of a positive correlation between economic growth and innovation, while there was a negative correlation between economic growth and international trade.

中文翻译：

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加纳的经济增长：将重点放在创新活动和贸易的贡献影响上

创新和国际贸易是经济增长的关键决定因素。对经济增长的研究主要集中在创新与经济增长之间可能存在的联系，以及国际贸易与经济增长之间的联系。然而，关于创新、国际贸易和经济增长之间存在联系的研究仍未探索。此外，在同一项研究中，关于创新和国际贸易对经济增长的个体影响因素的研究同样尚未探索。因此，为了解决这些差距，本研究评估了所有三个变量之间的联系。它进一步研究了创新和国际贸易对经济增长的个人贡献因素。本研究采用了 2000-2019 年期间加纳经济的年度时间序列数据。研究结果表明，所有三个变量：创新、国际贸易和经济增长都是协整的。这意味着所有三个变量之间存在长期均衡关联。该研究使用完全修改的普通最小二乘法和动态普通最小二乘法进一步估计了长期协整参数。结果证明，经济增长与创新之间存在正相关关系，而经济增长与国际贸易之间存在负相关关系。该研究使用完全修改的普通最小二乘法和动态普通最小二乘法进一步估计了长期协整参数。结果证明，经济增长与创新之间存在正相关关系，而经济增长与国际贸易之间存在负相关关系。该研究使用完全修改的普通最小二乘法和动态普通最小二乘法进一步估计了长期协整参数。结果证明，经济增长与创新之间存在正相关关系，而经济增长与国际贸易之间存在负相关关系。