Coronavirus is a family of ARN positive single-stranded belonging to the family of Coronaviridae. There are several families of coronavirus that transmit more or less serious diseases. However, the so-called coronavirus-19 (SARS-CoV2) is the one that is currently causing most of the problems; in fact, biological dysfunctions that this virus causes provoke damage in various organs, from the lung to the heart, the kidney, the circulatory system, and even the brain. The neurological manifestations caused by viral infection, as well as the hypercoagulopathy and systemic inflammation, have been reported in several studies. In this review, we update the neurological mechanisms by which coronavirus-19 causes neurological manifestation in patients such as encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, lacunars infarcts, neuropsychiatry disorders such as anxiety and depression, and vascular alterations. This review explains (a) the possible pathways by which coronavirus-19 can induce the different neurological manifestations, (b) the strategies used by the virus to cross the barrier system, (c) how the immune system responds to the infection, and (d) the treatment than can be administered to the COVID-19 patients.

冠状病毒是属于冠状病毒科的 ARN 阳性单链家族。有几个冠状病毒家族会传播或多或少的严重疾病。然而，所谓的冠状病毒 19 (SARS-CoV2) 是目前造成大部分问题的病毒。事实上，这种病毒引起的生物功能障碍会引起从肺到心脏、肾脏、循环系统甚至大脑的各种器官的损害。病毒感染引起的神经系统表现，以及高凝状态和全身炎症，已在多项研究中报道。在这篇综述中，我们更新了冠状病毒 19 引起脑脊髓炎、吉兰-巴雷综合征、腔隙性梗死等患者神经系统表现的神经学机制，神经精神疾病，如焦虑和抑郁，以及血管改变。这篇综述解释了 (a) 冠状病毒 19 诱导不同神经系统表现的可能途径，(b) 病毒穿过屏障系统的策略，(c) 免疫系统如何对感染作出反应，以及( d) 可以对 COVID-19 患者进行的治疗。