Drosera is a small insectivorous plant whose antennae can fold up, encircle, and prey. The rapid movement of the antennae is achieved by the synergistic effect of a double-layer structure with the antennae contracts on the front and expands on the back. In this work, a drosera-inspired dual-actuating double-layer hydrogel actuator is proposed, in which the temperature-responsive poly(N, N-diethyl acrylamide) (PDEAAm) layer acts as the main actuation layer and a moisture-responsive poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) layer acts as the auxiliary actuation layer. In a water environment with low temperature, both the PAAm and PDEAAm layers absorb water and expand with a swelling property. When the temperature exceeds the lower critical solution temperature of PDEAAm, the PDEAAm layer undergoes a hydrophilic–hydrophobic transition and shrinks rapidly. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the double-layer hydrogel enables the double-layer hydrogel to achieve a large bending angle at high temperature. In addition, when designing and fabricating shape-patterned double-layer hydrogels, complex shape changes can be achieved. Due to the physical and chemical properties, the actuator can be used to grab, transport, and release objects. This drosera-inspired double-layer hydrogel actuator has high practical value, which may provide new insights for the design and manufacture of artificial intelligence materials.

中文翻译：

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受茅膏菜启发的双驱动双层水凝胶驱动器

茅膏菜是一种小型食虫植物，其触角可以折叠、环绕和捕食。触角的快速运动是通过双层结构的协同效应实现的，触角在前面收缩，在后面膨胀。在这项工作中，提出了一种受茅膏菜启发的双驱动双层水凝胶驱动器，其中温度响应性聚（N，N-二乙基丙烯酰胺）（PDEAAm）层作为主要驱动层和湿度响应性聚(丙烯酰胺) (PAAm) 层充当辅助驱动层。在低温的水环境中，PAAm和PDEAAm层都会吸水并膨胀并具有溶胀特性。当温度超过 PDEAAm 的下临界溶解温度时，PDEAAm 层发生亲水-疏水转变并迅速收缩。所以，双层水凝胶的协同作用使双层水凝胶在高温下实现较大的弯曲角度。此外，在设计和制造具有形状图案的双层水凝胶时，可以实现复杂的形状变化。由于其物理和化学特性，执行器可用于抓取、运输和释放物体。这种受茅膏菜启发的双层水凝胶驱动器具有很高的实用价值，可能为人工智能材料的设计和制造提供新的见解。执行器可用于抓取、运输和释放物体。这种受茅膏菜启发的双层水凝胶驱动器具有很高的实用价值，可能为人工智能材料的设计和制造提供新的见解。执行器可用于抓取、运输和释放物体。这种受茅膏菜启发的双层水凝胶驱动器具有很高的实用价值，可能为人工智能材料的设计和制造提供新的见解。