Polyamide nanocomposites (PANC) were prepared from an aliphatic–aromatic polyamide (PA) containing hydrazide–hydrazone groups in the side chain, reinforced with functionalized polyethyleneimine (FPEI)/modified Mg(OH)₂ nanoparticles (FPMN). For this purpose, a new structure, aromatic diamine (DAHH), containing the hydrazide–hydrazone group, was synthesized, and used to synthesize PA by direct polycondensation. Also, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was structurally modified with salicylaldehyde for the modification of the surface of Mg(OH)₂ nanoparticles (MDH). The Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction results revealed that MDH were uniformly dispersed in nano-size in the PA matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis results in both N₂ and air environments showed that PANC possesses higher thermal resistance than that of the neat PA. The 5% degradation temperature (T₅) of PANC containing 8 wt% of FPMN was obtained 40°C more than that of the pure PA in the N₂ environment. The microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) results exhibited that the loading of FPMN into the PA matrix can efficiently increase the combustion resistance by decreasing the MCC parameters such as the heat release rate values. In addition, the lead ions adsorption efficiency of the prepared nanostructure materials was investigated, and the results exhibited that the adsorption data were obtained following the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption efficiency was calculated to be 99.96% for PANC 8.

中文翻译：

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功能化聚乙烯亚胺改性 Mg(OH)2 纳米颗粒增强的含酰肼-腙基团的聚酰胺纳米复合材料：热性能、阻燃性和铅离子吸附研究

聚酰胺纳米复合材料 (PANC) 由侧链中含有酰肼 - 腙基团的脂肪族 - 芳香族聚酰胺 (PA) 制备，并用功能化聚乙烯亚胺 (FPEI)/改性 Mg(OH) ₂纳米粒子 (FPMN) 增强。为此，合成了一种含有酰肼-腙基团的新结构芳族二胺（DAHH），并用于通过直接缩聚反应合成 PA。此外，聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 用水杨醛进行了结构改性，用于改性 Mg(OH) ₂纳米颗粒 (MDH) 的表面。场发射扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射结果表明 MDH 以纳米尺寸均匀分散在 PA 基质中。热重分析结果在 N ₂和空气环境表明，PANC 具有比纯 PA 更高的热阻。在N ₂环境中，含有8 wt% FPMN 的PANC的5% 降解温度（T ₅）比纯PA 的降解温度高40°C 。微型燃烧量热法 (MCC) 结果表明，将 FPMN 加载到 PA 基质中可以通过降低 MCC 参数（如放热率值）来有效提高燃烧阻力。此外，研究了制备的纳米结构材料对铅离子的吸附效率，结果表明吸附数据符合朗缪尔等温线模型。计算得出 PANC 8 的最大吸附效率为 99.96%。