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Dynamic modeling of sea-level rise impact on coastal flood hazard and vulnerability in New York City's built environment
Coastal Engineering ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.103980
Yifan Wang 1 , Reza Marsooli 1
Affiliation  

There is a consensus that future sea-level rise (SLR) will increase the exposure of population and assets to coastal flooding. However, the extent to which SLR affects flood hazards and human vulnerability to flooding in the built environment is not well understood. This study investigates the effects of future SLR on coastal flood hazards and human vulnerability to flooding in New York City's built environment. With a focus on a hurricane-induced flood event, we utilize a building-scale hydrodynamic model to simulate flood hazards under different 21st-century SLR scenarios. We further implement a human vulnerability model to reveal how the physical vulnerability of individuals to flooding would respond to the effects of SLR on flood hazards. We find that SLR would result in a substantial increase in not only the floodwater depth but also the floodwater velocity in the study area. For example, under a 1.04 m SLR scenario, the increase in the max floodwater speed exceeds 2.7 m/s (1271%) in 5% of the area that was flooded under the no-SLR scenario (control run). Model results show that, due to nonlinear interactions, the floodwater depth simulated by the hydrodynamic model for a SLR scenario could substantially differ from the depth estimated based on a linear addition of the SLR to the control-run floodwater depth. We find that the effects of SLR on flood hazards would, in turn, substantially affect the extent, intensity, and duration of human physical vulnerability to flooding, which could potentially increase the number of injuries and mortalities.



中文翻译:

海平面上升对纽约市建筑环境中沿海洪水灾害和脆弱性影响的动态建模

人们一致认为,未来的海平面上升 (SLR) 将增加人口和资产对沿海洪水的暴露。然而,SLR 在多大程度上影响了建筑环境中的洪水灾害和人类对洪水的脆弱性还不清楚。本研究调查了未来 SLR 对纽约市建筑环境中沿海洪水灾害和人类易受洪水影响的影响。以飓风引发的洪水事件为重点,我们利用建筑规模的水动力模型来模拟 21 世纪不同 SLR 情景下的洪水灾害。我们进一步实施了一个人类脆弱性模型,以揭示个人对洪水的身体脆弱性将如何响应 SLR 对洪水灾害的影响。我们发现 SLR 不仅会导致研究区的洪水深度显着增加,还会导致洪水速度显着增加。例如,在 1.04 m SLR 情景下,在无 SLR 情景(控制运行)下被淹没的区域的 5% 中,最大洪水速度的增加超过 2.7 m/s (1271%)。模型结果表明,由于非线性相互作用,SLR 情景的水动力模型模拟的洪水深度可能与基于 SLR 线性添加到控制运行洪水深度的估计深度大不相同。我们发现 SLR 对洪水灾害的影响反过来会显着影响人类身体易受洪水影响的程度、强度和持续时间,这可能会增加受伤和死亡人数。例如,在 1.04 m SLR 情景下,在无 SLR 情景(控制运行)下被淹没的区域的 5% 中,最大洪水速度的增加超过 2.7 m/s (1271%)。模型结果表明,由于非线性相互作用,SLR 情景的水动力模型模拟的洪水深度可能与基于 SLR 线性添加到控制运行洪水深度的估计深度大不相同。我们发现 SLR 对洪水灾害的影响反过来会显着影响人类身体易受洪水影响的程度、强度和持续时间,这可能会增加受伤和死亡人数。例如,在 1.04 m SLR 情景下,在无 SLR 情景(控制运行)下被淹没的区域的 5% 中,最大洪水速度的增加超过 2.7 m/s (1271%)。模型结果表明,由于非线性相互作用,SLR 情景的水动力模型模拟的洪水深度可能与基于 SLR 线性添加到控制运行洪水深度的估计深度大不相同。我们发现 SLR 对洪水灾害的影响反过来会显着影响人类身体易受洪水影响的程度、强度和持续时间,这可能会增加受伤和死亡人数。7 m/s (1271%) 在无 SLR 情景(控制运行)下被淹没的区域的 5%。模型结果表明,由于非线性相互作用,SLR 情景的水动力模型模拟的洪水深度可能与基于 SLR 线性添加到控制运行洪水深度的估计深度大不相同。我们发现 SLR 对洪水灾害的影响反过来会显着影响人类身体易受洪水影响的程度、强度和持续时间,这可能会增加受伤和死亡人数。7 m/s (1271%) 在无 SLR 情景(控制运行)下被淹没的区域的 5%。模型结果表明,由于非线性相互作用,SLR 情景的水动力模型模拟的洪水深度可能与基于 SLR 线性添加到控制运行洪水深度的估计深度大不相同。我们发现 SLR 对洪水灾害的影响反过来会显着影响人类身体易受洪水影响的程度、强度和持续时间,这可能会增加受伤和死亡人数。

更新日期:2021-08-23
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