In this study, a nitrogen-doped 3D porous starch-derived carbon/SnO₂/carbon (PSC/SnO₂/C) composite is synthesized with porous starch as a carbon source by biological enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared with the traditional complex acid-base reagent method, the biological enzymatic method is more environmentally friendly and economical, and it can also naturally introduce nitrogen sources and dope the carbon layer. Many mesoporous nanostructures provide enough buffer space and promote the ions' and electrons’ transmission rate. The formation of the Sn–O–C bond between SnO₂ and carbon ensures the stability of the structure. As a result, the PSC/SnO₂/C composite exhibits a high initial discharge capacity (1802 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ for LIBs and 549 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ for SIBs) and good cycle stability (701 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ after 100 cycles for LIBs and 271 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 100 cycles for SIBs). This synthesis method can prepare other energy storage systems such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and metal ion batteries.

在本研究中，以多孔淀粉为碳源，通过生物酶水解合成了氮掺杂的3D多孔淀粉衍生碳/SnO ₂ /碳（PSC/SnO ₂ /C）复合材料。与传统的复合酸碱试剂法相比，生物酶法更加环保、经济，还可以自然引入氮源，掺杂碳层。许多介孔纳米结构提供了足够的缓冲空间并提高了离子和电子的传输速率。SnO ₂和碳之间形成的Sn- O- C键确保了结构的稳定性。结果，PSC/SnO ₂ /C 复合材料表现出很高的初始放电容量（1802 mAhg^-1 at 0.2 A g ^-1对于 LIBs 和 549 mAh g ^-1 at 0.1 A g ^-1对于 SIBs）和良好的循环稳定性（701 mAh g ^-1 at 0.2 A g ^-1对于 LIBs 和 271 mAh g）^-1在 0.1 A g ^-1对于 SIB 进行 100 次循环后）。这种合成方法可以制备燃料电池、超级电容器和金属离子电池等其他储能系统。