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Linguistic and developmental influences on superordinate facial configuration categorization in infancy
Infancy ( IF 2.459 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-21 , DOI: 10.1111/infa.12430
Ashley L Ruba 1 , Andrew N Meltzoff 2 , Betty M Repacholi 2
Affiliation  

Humans perceive emotions in terms of categories, such as “happiness,” “sadness,” and “anger.” To learn these complex conceptual emotion categories, humans must first be able to perceive regularities in expressive behaviors (e.g., facial configurations) across individuals. Recent research suggests that infants spontaneously form “basic-level” categories of facial configurations (e.g., happy vs. fear), but not “superordinate” categories of facial configurations (e.g., positive vs. negative). The current studies further explore how infant age and language impact superordinate categorization of facial configurations associated with different negative emotions. Across all experiments, infants were habituated to one person displaying facial configurations associated with anger and disgust. While 10-month-olds formed a category of person identity (Experiment 1), 14-month-olds formed a category that included negative facial configurations displayed by the same person (Experiment 2). However, neither age formed the hypothesized superordinate category of negative valence. When a verbal label (“toma”) was added to each of the habituation events (Experiment 3), 10-month-olds formed a category similar to 14-month-olds in Experiment 2. These findings intersect a larger conversation about the nature and development of children's emotion categories and highlight the importance of considering developmental processes, such as language learning and attentional/memory development, in the design and interpretation of infant categorization studies.

中文翻译:

语言和发育对婴儿面部高级结构分类的影响

人类根据类别来感知情绪,例如“快乐”、“悲伤”和“愤怒”。为了学习这些复杂的概念情感类别,人类必须首先能够感知个体表达行为(例如面部配置)的规律性。最近的研究表明,婴儿会自发形成“基本”类别的面部配置(例如,快乐与恐惧),而不是“高级”类别的面部配置(例如,积极与消极)。目前的研究进一步探讨了婴儿年龄和语言如何影响与不同负面情绪相关的面部配置的上级分类。在所有实验中,婴儿习惯于一个人展示与愤怒和厌恶相关的面部配置。10 个月大的孩子形成了一个人身份类别(实验 1),而 14 个月大的孩子形成了一个类别,其中包括同一个人展示的负面面部配置(实验 2)。然而,这两个年龄都没有形成负价的假设上级类别。当在每个习惯事件(实验 3)中添加一个语言标签(“toma”)时,10 个月大的孩子形成了一个类似于实验 2 中 14 个月大的类别。这些发现与关于自然的更大对话相交和儿童情绪类别的发展,并强调在婴儿分类研究的设计和解释中考虑发展过程的重要性,例如语言学习和注意力/记忆力发展。14 个月大的孩子形成了一个类别,其中包括同一个人展示的负面面部配置(实验 2)。然而,这两个年龄都没有形成负价的假设上级类别。当在每个习惯事件(实验 3)中添加一个语言标签(“toma”)时,10 个月大的孩子形成了一个类似于实验 2 中 14 个月大的类别。这些发现与关于自然的更大对话相交和儿童情绪类别的发展,并强调在婴儿分类研究的设计和解释中考虑发展过程的重要性,例如语言学习和注意力/记忆力发展。14 个月大的孩子形成了一个类别,其中包括同一个人展示的负面面部配置(实验 2)。然而,这两个年龄都没有形成负价的假设上级类别。当在每个习惯事件(实验 3)中添加一个语言标签(“toma”)时,10 个月大的孩子形成了一个类似于实验 2 中 14 个月大的类别。这些发现与关于自然的更大对话相交和儿童情绪类别的发展,并强调在婴儿分类研究的设计和解释中考虑发展过程的重要性,例如语言学习和注意力/记忆力发展。
更新日期:2021-10-19
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