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Impact of long term conservation agriculture on soil quality under cereal based systems of North West India
Geoderma ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115391
Dibakar Roy 1 , Ashim Datta 2 , H.S. Jat 2 , Madhu Choudhary 2 , P.C. Sharma 2 , P.K. Singh 1 , M.L. Jat 3
Affiliation  

Soil quality is of utmost essential for yield sustainability of intensive cereal based cropping system in North West Indo Gangetic plains of India. Hence, we evaluated long-term (10 years) effect of conservation agriculture (CA) practices on soil quality improvement under six different cropping scenarios (Sc), i.e. Sc1-represented by transplanted puddled rice (TPR) followed by conventional tilled broadcasted wheat (CT-wheat) with residue removal, Sc2-TPR rice followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat and ZT-mung bean with partial residue retention, Sc3-direct seeded rice (DSR) followed by ZT-wheat and ZT-mung bean with full residue retention, Sc4-DSR is replaced by ZT-maize followed by ZT-wheat and ZT-mung bean, Sc5 and Sc6 were – Sc3 integrated with sub surface drip irrigation (SDI) and Sc4 + SDI, respectively. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 5, 5–15 and 15–30 cm soil depth from each scenario after harvesting of wheat in 2019. Results showed that, reduction in bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and enhancement of water holding capacity and infiltration were associated with CA based scenarios (Sc3–Sc6). Scenario 3 recorded lowest BD of 1.39 and 1.58 g cm−3 at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth, respectively. CA based Sc6 recorded highest infiltration rate (1.48 cm hr−1) and lowest was associated with Sc1 (0.5 cm hr−1). The enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) content, stock, available nitrogen and potassium was mainly confined to upper surface soil layer (0–5 cm). The SOC content and stock in CA based scenarios (average of Sc3 to Sc6) was 41–57 and 69–94% higher than Sc1 at 0–5 cm soil layer. Available nitrogen was increased by 23–50 and 64–98% and available potassium increased by 13–28 and 42–71% in 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth, respectively in CA based scenarios over Sc1. Similarly, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase (DHA) activity in top soil layer under CA based scenarios was increased by 177–195 and 67–107% over Sc1, respectively. The maximum SQI was registered with Sc6 (0.91) followed by Sc4 (0.89) and least was recorded in Sc1 (0.65) at 0–5 cm soil depth. Maize-wheat based cropping system recorded higher SQI over rice–wheat based cropping system. Sustainable yield index was strongly related with key soil quality indicators and also positively correlated with SQI. Thus our study suggests that CA based maize-wheat-mung bean cropping system should be recommended for better soil quality and yield sustainability in North West India.



中文翻译:

印度西北部以谷物为基础的系统下长期保护性农业对土壤质量的影响

土壤质量对于印度西北印度恒河平原的集约化谷物种植系统的产量可持续性至关重要。因此,我们评估了保护性农业 (CA) 实践在六种不同种植方案 (Sc) 下对土壤质量改善的长期(10 年)影响,即 Sc1 以移栽水稻 (TPR) 和常规耕作广播小麦为代表。 CT-小麦),去除残渣,Sc2-TPR 水稻,然后是零耕(ZT)小麦和 ZT-绿豆,部分残渣保留,Sc3-直播水稻(DSR),然后是 ZT-小麦和 ZT-绿豆,完全保留在残留物保留方面,Sc4-DSR 被 ZT-玉米取代,然后是 ZT-小麦和 ZT-绿豆,Sc5 和 Sc6 分别是 – Sc3 与地下滴灌 (SDI) 和 Sc4 + SDI 相结合。从 0 到 5 收集土壤样品,2019 年小麦收获后每个情景的 5-15 和 15-30 cm 土壤深度。结果表明,容重 (BD)、土壤渗透阻力 (SPR) 的降低以及保水能力和入渗能力的增强与 CA 相关基于场景 (Sc3–Sc6)。情景 3 记录的最低 BD 为 1.39 和 1.58 g cm-3 分别在 0-5 和 5-15 cm 土壤深度处。基于 CA 的 Sc6 记录了最高的浸润率 (1.48 cm hr -1 ),最低的是与 Sc1 相关的 (0.5 cm hr -1)。土壤有机碳(SOC)含量、储量、速效氮和钾的富集主要局限于上表土层(0-5 cm)。在基于 CA 的情景(Sc3 到 Sc6 的平均值)中,SOC 含量和储量比 Sc1 高 41-57%,在 0-5 cm 土层上比 Sc1 高 69-94%。在基于 CA 的 Sc1 情景中,0-5 厘米和 5-15 厘米土壤深度的有效氮分别增加了 23-50% 和 64-98%,有效钾分别增加了 13-28% 和 42-71%。同样,基于 CA 的情景下表层土壤中的微生物生物量碳 (MBC) 和脱氢酶 (DHA) 活性分别比 Sc1 增加了 177-195% 和 67-107%。最大的 SQI 记录为 Sc6 (0.91),其次是 Sc4 (0.89),最小的记录为 Sc1 (0.65) 在 0-5 cm 土壤深度。以玉米-小麦为基础的种植系统记录的 SQI 高于以水稻-小麦为基础的种植系统。可持续产量指数与关键土壤质量指标密切相关,也与 SQI 呈正相关。因此,我们的研究表明,应该推荐基于 CA 的玉米-小麦-绿豆种植系统,以改善印度西北部的土壤质量和产量可持续性。

更新日期:2021-08-21
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