The extraction of CO₂ directly from the atmosphere (Direct Air Capture) is commonly employed using supported-amine sorbents. This adsorption technology is under rapid development with novel sorbent materials emerging and with processes being demonstrated on increasingly larger scale. Optimization of such processes requires accurate knowledge on sorbent characteristics and knowledge on how operational variables affect process performance. This study primarily focuses on the latter, where we aim to quantify the influence of operational parameters on the energy duty and CO₂ productivity. In addition, we examine the influence of weather conditions on the adsorption rate. For this, we develop a dynamic model of the complete temperature-vacuum swing adsorption cycle (TVSA). This model was validated by experimental results on a kg-scale direct air capture system. The impact of selected operational variables was assessed by two-dimensional sensitivity analyses. We show that desorption temperature is preferably high, limited by the chemical stability of the sorbent material in this particular case. In addition, the sorbent working capacity should be high when opting for an optimization towards energy duty, whereas it reaches a clear optimum in terms of CO₂ productivity. Finally, we conclude that weather conditions and diurnal variations can significantly affect the performance of a direct air capture process and should certainly be considered during design and operation. With these insights and the developed model, this study provides a sound basis for further process development and optimization of direct air capture using fixed bed technology combined with solid amine sorbents.

通常使用负载型胺吸附剂直接从大气中提取 CO ₂（直接空气捕获）。随着新型吸附剂材料的出现以及越来越大规模的工艺展示，这种吸附技术正在快速发展。此类过程的优化需要有关吸附剂特性的准确知识以及有关操作变量如何影响过程性能的知识。本研究主要关注后者，我们的目标是量化操作参数对能源负荷和 CO _{2 的影响}生产力。此外，我们检查了天气条件对吸附率的影响。为此，我们开发了完整的变温真空吸附循环 (TVSA) 的动态模型。该模型通过公斤级直接空气捕获系统的实验结果进行了验证。所选操作变量的影响通过二维敏感性分析进行评估。我们表明解吸温度优选较高，在这种特殊情况下受吸附剂材料的化学稳定性的限制。此外，在选择对能量义务的优化时，吸附剂工作能力应该很高，而它在CO ₂方面达到了明确的最佳状态生产力。最后，我们得出结论，天气条件和昼夜变化会显着影响直接空气捕获过程的性能，并且在设计和运行期间当然应该加以考虑。有了这些见解和开发的模型，本研究为使用固定床技术结合固体胺吸附剂的直接空气捕获的进一步工艺开发和优化提供了良好的基础。