Stroke has become the second leading cause of death in people aged higher than 60 years, with cancer being the first. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal type of stroke. Using imaging techniques to evaluate the evolution of intracranial hematomas in patients with hemorrhagic stroke is worthy of ongoing research. The difficulty in obtaining ultra-early imaging data and conducting intensive dynamic radiographic imaging in actual clinical settings has led to the application of experimental animal models to assess the evolution of intracranial hematomas. Herein, we review the current knowledge on primary intracerebral hemorrhage mechanisms, focus on the progress of animal studies related to hematoma development and secondary brain injury, introduce preclinical therapies, and summarize related challenges and future directions.

中风已成为 60 岁以上人群的第二大死因，癌症位居首位。脑出血（ICH）是最致命的中风类型。使用成像技术评估出血性中风患者颅内血肿的演变值得持续研究。在实际临床环境中获取超早期成像数据和进行密集动态放射成像的困难导致应用实验动物模型来评估颅内血肿的演变。在此，我们回顾了目前关于原发性脑出血机制的知识，重点介绍了与血肿发展和继发性脑损伤相关的动物研究进展，介绍了临床前治疗，并总结了相关挑战和未来方向。