The Helicobacter genus actually comprises 46 validly published species divided into two main clades: gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacters. These bacteria colonize alternative sites of the digestive system in animals and humans, and contribute to inflammation and cancers. In humans, Helicobacter infection is mainly related to H. pylori, a gastric pathogen infecting more than half of the world's population, leading to chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can evolve into two types of gastric cancers: gastric adenocarcinomas and gastric MALT lymphoma. In addition, H. pylori but also non-H. pylori Helicobacter infection has been associated to many extra-gastric malignancies. This review focuses on H. pylori and its role in gastric cancers and extra-gastric diseases as well as malignancies induced by non-H. pylori Helicobacters. Their different virulence factors and their involvement in carcinogenesis is discussed. This review highlights the importance of both gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacters in gastrointestinal and liver cancers.

幽门螺杆菌属实际上包括 46 个已有效发表的物种，分为两个主要分支：胃和肠肝幽门螺杆菌。这些细菌定殖在动物和人类消化系统的其他部位，并导致炎症和癌症。在人类中，幽门螺杆菌感染主要与幽门螺杆菌有关，幽门螺杆菌是一种感染全球一半以上人口的胃病原体，导致胃粘膜慢性炎症，可演变成两种类型的胃癌：胃腺癌和胃MALT淋巴瘤。此外，幽门螺杆菌以及非幽门螺杆菌感染与许多胃外恶性肿瘤有关。这篇评论的重点是幽门螺杆菌及其在胃癌和胃外疾病以及非幽门螺杆菌引起的恶性肿瘤中的作用。讨论了它们不同的毒力因子及其在致癌作用中的作用。这篇综述强调了胃和肠肝螺杆菌在胃肠道和肝癌中的重要性。