Histologically benign airway strictures are frequently misdiagnosed as asthma or COPD and may present with severe symptoms including respiratory failure. A clear understanding of pathophysiology and existing classification systems is needed to determine the appropriate treatment options and predict clinical course. Clinically significant airway strictures can involve the upper and central airways extending from the subglottis to the lobar airways. Optimal evaluation includes a proper history and physical examination, neck and chest computed tomography, pulmonary function testing, endoscopy and serology. Available treatments include medical therapy, endoscopic procedures and open surgery which are based on the stricture's extent, location, etiology, morphology, severity of airway narrowing and patient's functional status. The acuity of the process, patient's co-morbidities and operability at the time of evaluation determine the need for open surgical or endoscopic interventions. The optimal management of patients with benign airway strictures requires the availability, expertise and collaboration of otolaryngologists, thoracic surgeons and interventional pulmonologists. Multidisciplinary airway teams can facilitate accurate diagnosis, guide management and avoid unnecessary procedures that could potentially worsen the extent of the disease or clinical course. Implementation of a complex airway program including multidisciplinary clinics and conferences ensures that such collaboration leads to timely, patient-centered and evidence-based interventions. In this article we outline algorithms of care and illustrate therapeutic techniques based on published evidence.

组织学上良性的气道狭窄经常被误诊为哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病，并可能出现严重的症状，包括呼吸衰竭。需要对病理生理学和现有分类系统有清晰的了解，以确定适当的治疗方案并预测临床过程。临床上显着的气道狭窄可能涉及从声门下延伸到叶气道的上气道和中央气道。最佳评估包括适当的病史和体格检查、颈部和胸部计算机断层扫描、肺功能测试、内窥镜检查和血清学检查。可用的治疗方法包括药物治疗、内窥镜手术和开放手术，这些治疗基于狭窄的程度、位置、病因、形态、气道狭窄的严重程度和患者的功能状态。该过程的敏锐度、患者的合并症和评估时的可操作性决定了是否需要开放式手术或内窥镜干预。良性气道狭窄患者的最佳管理需要耳鼻喉科医师、胸外科医师和介入肺科医师的可用性、专业知识和协作。多学科气道团队可以促进准确诊断、指导管理并避免可能使疾病或临床过程恶化的不必要的程序。实施包括多学科诊所和会议在内的复杂气道计划可确保此类合作导致及时、以患者为中心和基于证据的干预措施。在本文中，我们概述了护理算法并根据已发表的证据说明治疗技术。