The Freiberg district hosts one of the largest series of epithermal polymetallic vein deposits in Europe. The availability of a systematic collection of historical samples provides an excellent opportunity to study the anatomy of these epithermal systems. Detailed petrographic investigations, geochemical analyses, and fluid inclusion studies were conducted on several vertical profiles within the Freiberg district to decipher mineralogical and geochemical zoning patterns. Six distinctive mineral associations have been recognized within the Freiberg epithermal veins; sphalerite-pyrite-quartz and galena-quartz±carbonate associations are most abundant in the central sector, as well as in the deepest sections of veins on the periphery of the district. A high-grade sphalerite-Ag-sulfides-carbonate association occurs laterally between the central and peripheral sectors and at intermediate depth in veins on the periphery. Shallow and peripheral zones are dominated by an exceptionally Ag-rich Ag-sulfides-quartz association, whereas the shallowest veins locally comprise Ag-poor stibnite-quartz and quartz-carbonate associations. Fluid inclusion assemblages returned low salinities (<6.0 wt % NaCl equiv), and homogenization temperatures successively decrease from ~320°C associated with the proximal and deep sphalerite-pyrite-quartz association, to ~170°C related to the distal and shallow Ag-sulfides-quartz association.The architecture of the Freiberg district is related to the temporal and spatial evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal fluid systems, including boiling and concomitant cooling, as well as CO₂ loss. Constraints on the paleodepth indicate that the veins formed between 200 and 1,800 m below the paleowater table. High-grade Ag ore occurs over a vertical interval of at least 500 m and is bracketed by shallower stibnite-quartz and barren quartz, and deeper base metal-sulfide-quartz zones.

中文翻译：

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德国弗莱堡低温热液 Ag-Pb-Zn 区的时空演化

弗莱贝格地区拥有欧洲最大的一系列超热液多金属矿脉矿床之一。系统收集历史样本的可用性为研究这些超热系统的解剖结构提供了极好的机会。在弗莱贝格地区的几个垂直剖面上进行了详细的岩石学调查、地球化学分析和流体包裹体研究，以破译矿物学和地球化学分区模式。在弗莱贝格浅成热液脉中已确认了六个独特的矿物组合；闪锌矿-黄铁矿-石英和方铅矿-石英±碳酸盐组合在中心区以及该地区外围的矿脉最深部分最为丰富。高品位闪锌矿-银-硫化物-碳酸盐组合发生在中央和外围扇区之间的横向以及外围矿脉的中间深度处。浅层和外围区域以异常富含银的银-硫化物-石英组合为主，而局部最浅的矿脉包括缺乏银的辉锑矿-石英和石英-碳酸盐组合。流体包裹体组合恢复了低盐度（<6.0 wt% NaCl equiv），并且均质化温度从与近端和深层闪锌矿-黄铁矿-石英组合相关的~320°C 连续降低到与远端和浅层 Ag 相关的~170°C -硫化物-石英组合。弗莱贝格地区的建筑与岩浆-热液流体系统的时空演化有关，包括沸腾和伴随冷却，₂损失。对古深度的限制表明，脉形成于古地下水位以下 200 至 1,800 m 之间。高品位银矿的垂直间隔至少为 500 m，被较浅的辉锑矿-石英和贫瘠的石英以及更深的贱金属-硫化物-石英带包围。