Chronic infections lead to the functional exhaustion of T cells. Exhausted T cells are phenotypically differentiated by the surface expression of the immunoinhibitory receptor, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1). The inhibitory signal is produced by the interaction between PD-1 and its PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and impairs the effector functions of T cells. However, the expression dynamics of PD-L1 and the immunological functions of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in chronic diseases of pigs are still poorly understood. In this study, we first analyzed the expression of PD-L1 in various chronic infections in pigs, and then evaluated the immune activation by the blocking assay targeting the swine PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.

中文翻译：

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程序性死亡配体 1 在猪慢性感染中的表达和通过程序性死亡 1/程序性死亡配体 1 阻断增强白细胞介素 2 的产生

慢性感染导致 T 细胞功能衰竭。耗尽的 T 细胞通过免疫抑制受体的表面表达进行表型分化，例如程序性死亡 1 (PD-1)。抑制信号由 PD-1 与其 PD-配体 1 (PD-L1) 之间的相互作用产生，并损害 T 细胞的效应子功能。然而，PD-L1的表达动态和PD-1/PD-L1通路在猪慢性疾病中的免疫功能仍知之甚少。在本研究中，我们首先分析了猪各种慢性感染中 PD-L1 的表达，然后通过针对猪 PD-1/PD-L1 通路的阻断试验评估了免疫激活。