Abstract

Ozone (O₃) represents a great threat to human health, contributing to respiratory diseases and premature mortality. This pollutant is often considered a critical pollutant in regions of southern Brazil. Exposure to this pollutant during vigorous physical activity should be the subject of thorough investigations due to the increased ventilation rate and altered breathing pattern present during vigorous physical activity that result in greater inhalation of O₃. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the health risk of exposure to low, mean, and high concentrations of O₃ during different durations of exercise in the city of Rio Grande (southern Brazil). Healthy young men (n = 45) performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and ventilation rate data were collected to predict total ventilation and pollutant inhalation during a 5 km running session. The O₃ concentration in the city of Rio Grande was obtained from data reported by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The environmental health risk was calculated based on the potential intake dose. The lowest, mean, and highest concentrations of O₃ detected during the monitoring period were 32.5, 64.9, and 115.2 µg/m³, respectively. In all evaluated scenarios, there was a toxicological risk (RQ > 1), except when exercising when the O₃ concentration was lowest for the shortest length of time (p < 0.001). As the concentration of O₃ and the duration of the exposure increase, the health risk is increased. Therefore, O₃ concentration and duration of exposure are factors influencing the health risk of exercising. These findings are extremely relevant in cities that have high levels of O₃, such as the city of Rio Grande.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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O3 浓度和暴露时间是影响巴西里奥格兰德运动环境健康风险的因素

摘要

臭氧 (O ₃ ) 对人类健康构成巨大威胁，会导致呼吸系统疾病和过早死亡。这种污染物通常被认为是巴西南部地区的关键污染物。在剧烈的身体活动期间接触这种污染物应该是彻底调查的主题，因为在剧烈的身体活动期间增加的通风率和改变的呼吸模式会导致更多地吸入 O ₃。因此，本研究旨在评估在里奥格兰德市（巴西南部）在不同运动时间期间暴露于低浓度、平均浓度和高浓度 O _{3的健康风险。}健康的年轻人 ( n = 45) 进行心肺运动测试，并收集通气率数据以预测 5 公里跑步期间的总通气量和污染物吸入量。里奥格兰德市的 O _{3浓度是从哥白尼大气监测局 (CAMS) 报告的数据中获得的。}根据潜在摄入剂量计算环境健康风险。_{监测期间检测到的O 3}最低、平均和最高浓度分别为32.5、64.9和115.2 µg/m ³。在所有评估的情景中，都存在毒理学风险 (RQ > 1)，除非在最短的时间内O _{3浓度最低 (} p < 0.001)。随着O ₃浓度和暴露时间的增加，健康风险也会增加。因此，O ₃浓度和暴露时间是影响运动健康风险的因素。这些发现与 O ₃含量高的城市（例如里奥格兰德市）极为相关。

图形概要