Long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated (NPAHs) and oxygenated (OPAHs) derivatives can cause adverse health effects due to their carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and oxidative potential. The distribution of PAH derivatives in the terrestrial environment has hardly been studied, although several PAH derivatives are ubiquitous in air and long-lived in soil and water. We report the multi-annual variations in the concentrations of NPAHs, OPAHs and PAHs in soils sampled at a semi-urban (Mokrá, Czech Republic) and a regional background site (Košetice, Czech Republic) in central Europe. The concentrations of the Σ₁₈NPAHs and the Σ₁₁₊₂OPAHs and O-heterocycles were 0.31 ± 0.23 ng g⁻¹ and 4.03 ± 3.03 ng g⁻¹, respectively, in Košetice, while slightly higher concentrations of 0.54 ± 0.45 ng g⁻¹ and 5.91 ± 0.45 ng g⁻¹, respectively, were found in soil from Mokrá. Among the 5 NPAHs found in the soils, 1-nitropyrene and less so 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene were most abundant. The OPAHs were more evenly distributed. The ratios of the PAH derivatives to their parent PAHs in Košetice indicate that they were long-range transported to the background site. Our results show that several NPAHs and OPAHs are abundant in soil and that gas-particle partitioning is a major factor influencing the concentration of several semi-volatile NPAHs and OPAHs in the soils. Complete understanding of the long-term variations of NPAH and OPAH concentrations in soil is limited by the lack of kinetic data describing their formation and degradation.

长期接触多环芳烃 (PAH) 及其硝化 (NPAH) 和含氧 (OPAH) 衍生物，由于其致癌性、致突变性和氧化潜力，会对健康造成不利影响。几乎没有研究过 PAH 衍生物在陆地环境中的分布，尽管几种 PAH 衍生物在空气中无处不在，并且在土壤和水中长期存在。我们报告了在中欧半城市（Mokrá，捷克共和国）和区域背景站点（Košetice，捷克共和国）采样的土壤中 NPAH、OPAH 和 PAH 浓度的多年变化。Σ ₁₈ NPAH、Σ ₁₁₊₂ OPAH 和 O-杂环的浓度分别为 0.31 ± 0.23 ng g ^-1和 4.03 ± 3.03 ng g ^-1，分别在 Košetice，而浓度略高，分别为 0.54 ± 0.45 ng g ^-1和 5.91 ± 0.45 ng g ^-1，分别在 Mokrá 的土壤中发现。在土壤中发现的 5 种 NPAHs 中，1-硝基芘和更少的 6-硝基苯并（a）芘含量最多。OPAH 分布更均匀。多环芳烃衍生物与其母多环芳烃在 Košetice 的比率表明它们被远距离运输到背景位点。我们的研究结果表明，土壤中富含几种 NPAHs 和 OPAHs，气体-颗粒分配是影响土壤中几种半挥发性 NPAHs 和 OPAHs 浓度的主要因素。由于缺乏描述其形成和降解的动力学数据，对土壤中 NPAH 和 OPAH 浓度长期变化的全面了解受到限制。