Biochar obtained by pyrolysis is receiving great research interest as it is perceived to be a renewable resource available for agronomic and environmental applications. Since biochar is a highly heterogeneous material with chemical composition that varies widely depending on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, this study compares the characteristics of biochar produced by pyrolysis at six temperature levels ranging between 300 and 800 °C of two types of biomass, i.e. rapeseed straw (RS)—agriculture waste and poplar tree shavings (PP)—forest waste from furniture making. Twelve biochars were generated via pyrolysis under low oxygen conditions of the selected biomasses in an electrically heated batch reactor. To determine how pyrolysis temperature affects the properties of biochars and consequently their possible utilization, physical, chemical, thermal, porosity and EDX analysis were measured for all biochars and for the corresponding feedstocks. SEM images of the biochar revealed that an increase in temperature led to a higher number of pores for PP biochar compared to RS biochar, and that PP biochar pores tended to shrink with temperature. The elemental composition and the pH of biochars were also compared. Based on the experimental results a utilization matrix was designed as to offer indications concerning possible applications of RS and PP biochars in substitution to fossil derived products for soil remediation (e.g., agriculture fertilizers) and in environmental applications (e.g., removal of pollutants).

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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罗马尼亚用于环境应用的油菜籽和杨树废弃生物质生物炭的生产和性能评估

通过热解获得的生物炭受到了极大的研究兴趣，因为它被认为是可用于农艺和环境应用的可再生资源。由于生物炭是一种高度异质的材料，其化学成分因原料和热解条件而变化很大，因此本研究比较了两种生物质在 300 至 800 ℃ 的六个温度水平下热解产生的生物炭的特性，即油菜籽秸秆（RS）——农业废弃物和杨树刨花（PP）——来自家具制造的森林废弃物。在电加热间歇式反应器中，通过在所选生物质的低氧条件下热解产生 12 种生物炭。为了确定热解温度如何影响生物炭的性质以及它们可能的利用，测量了所有生物炭和相应原料的物理、化学、热、孔隙率和 EDX 分析。生物炭的 SEM 图像显示，与 RS 生物炭相比，温度的升高导致 PP 生物炭的孔隙数量更多，并且 PP 生物炭的孔隙随着温度的升高而缩小。还比较了生物炭的元素组成和 pH 值。例如，农业肥料）和环境应用（例如，去除污染物）。

图形摘要