Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline some key aspects such as material systems used, phenomenological and statistical process modeling, techniques applied to monitor the process and optimization approaches reported. All these need to be taken into account for the ongoing development of the SLM technique, particularly in health care applications. The outcomes from this review allow not only to summarize the main features of the process but also to collect a considerable amount of investigation effort so far achieved by the researcher community.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews four significant areas of the selective laser melting (SLM) process of metallic systems within the scope of medical devices as follows: established and novel materials used, process modeling, process tracking and quality evaluation, and finally, the attempts for optimizing some process features such as surface roughness, porosity and mechanical properties. All the consulted literature has been highly detailed and discussed to understand the current and existing research gaps.

Findings

With this review, there is a prevailing need for further investigation on copper alloys, particularly when conformal cooling, antibacterial and antiviral properties are sought after. Moreover, artificial intelligence techniques for modeling and optimizing the SLM process parameters are still at a poor application level in this field. Furthermore, plenty of research work needs to be done to improve the existent online monitoring techniques.

Research limitations/implications

This review is limited only to the materials, models, monitoring methods, and optimization approaches reported on the SLM process for metallic systems, particularly those found in the health care arena.

Practical implications

SLM is a widely used metal additive manufacturing process due to the possibility of elaborating complex and customized tridimensional parts or components. It is corroborated that SLM produces minimal amounts of waste and enables optimal designs that allow considerable environmental advantages and promotes sustainability.

Social implications

The key perspectives about the applications of novel materials in the field of medicine are proposed.

Originality/value

The investigations about SLM contain an increasing amount of knowledge, motivated by the growing interest of the scientific community in this relatively young manufacturing process. This study can be seen as a compilation of relevant researches and findings in the field of the metal printing process.

中文翻译：

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选择性激光熔化：医疗器械行业和其他应用的经验教训

目的

本文的目的是概述一些关键方面，例如使用的材料系统、现象学和统计过程建模、用于监控过程的技术和报告的优化方法。所有这些都需要考虑到 SLM 技术的持续发展，特别是在医疗保健应用中。本次审查的结果不仅可以总结该过程的主要特征，还可以收集迄今为止研究人员社区取得的大量调查工作。

设计/方法/方法

本文回顾了医疗器械范围内金属系统选择性激光熔化 (SLM) 工艺的四个重要领域，如下所示：使用的既定材料和新材料、工艺建模、工艺跟踪和质量评估，最后，尝试优化一些加工特性，如表面粗糙度、孔隙率和机械性能。所有查阅的文献都非常详细和讨论，以了解当前和现有的研究差距。

调查结果

通过这次审查，普遍需要对铜合金进行进一步研究，特别是在寻求随形冷却、抗菌和抗病毒特性时。此外，用于建模和优化SLM工艺参数的人工智能技术在该领域的应用水平还很差。此外，还需要做大量的研究工作来改进现有的在线监测技术。

研究限制/影响

本综述仅限于报告的金属系统 SLM 工艺的材料、模型、监测方法和优化方法，尤其是在医疗保健领域中发现的那些。

实际意义

SLM 是一种广泛使用的金属增材制造工艺，因为它可以制作复杂和定制的三维零件或组件。已经证实，SLM 产生的废物量最少，并能够实现具有显着环境优势并促进可持续性的优化设计。

社会影响

提出了新材料在医学领域应用的关键观点。

原创性/价值

由于科学界对这个相对年轻的制造过程日益增长的兴趣，SLM 的调查包含越来越多的知识。这项研究可以看作是金属印刷工艺领域相关研究和发现的汇编。