Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the need for antiviral materials that can reduce airborne and surface-based virus transmission. This study aims to propose the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and surrogate modelling for the rapid development and deployment of novel copper-tungsten-silver (Cu-W-Ag) microporous architecture that shows strong antiviral behaviour against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Design/methodology/approach

The research combines selective laser melting (SLM), in-situ alloying and surrogate modelling to conceive the antiviral Cu-W-Ag architecture. The approach is shown to be suitable for redistributed manufacturing by representing the pore morphology through a surrogate model that parametrically manipulates the SLM process parameters: hatch distance (h_d), scan speed (S_s) and laser power (L_p). The method drastically simplifies the three-dimensional (3D) printing of microporous materials by requiring only global geometrical dimensions solving current bottlenecks associated with high computed aided design data transfer required for the AM of porous materials.

Findings

The surrogate model developed in this study achieved an optimum parametric combination that resulted in microporous Cu-W-Ag with average pore sizes of 80 µm. Subsequent antiviral evaluation of the optimum architecture showed 100% viral inactivation within 5 h against a biosafe enveloped ribonucleic acid viral model of SARS-CoV-2.

Research limitations/implications

The Cu-W-Ag architecture is suitable for redistributed manufacturing and can help reduce surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, further optimisation may improve the virus inactivation time.

Practical implications

The study was extended to demonstrate an open-source 3D printed Cu-W-Ag antiviral mask filter prototype.

Social implications

The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new and unpredictable challenges where redistributed manufacturing of 3D printed antiviral materials can achieve rapid solutions.

Originality/value

The papers present for the first time a methodology to digitally conceive and print-on-demand a novel Cu-W-Ag alloy that shows high antiviral behaviour against SARS-CoV-2.

中文翻译：

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抗SARS-CoV-2铜钨银合金的增材制造

目的

COVID-19 大流行强调了对可以减少空气和表面病毒传播的抗病毒材料的需求。本研究旨在提议使用增材制造 (AM) 和替代模型来快速开发和部署新型铜-钨-银 (Cu-W-Ag) 微孔结构，该结构对严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 显示出强大的抗病毒行为（SARS-CoV-2）。

设计/方法/方法

该研究结合了选择性激光熔化 (SLM)、原位合金化和替代建模，以构思抗病毒的 Cu-W-Ag 架构。通过参数化操纵 SLM 工艺参数的替代模型表示孔隙形态，该方法被证明适用于重新分布的制造：填充距离 (h_d)、扫描速度 (S_s) 和激光功率 (L_p)。该方法仅需要全局几何尺寸，解决了与多孔材料增材制造所需的高计算辅助设计数据传输相关的当前瓶颈，从而极大地简化了微孔材料的三维 (3D) 打印。

调查结果

本研究中开发的替代模型实现了最佳参数组合，产生了平均孔径为 80 µm 的微孔 Cu-W-Ag  。随后对最佳结构的抗病毒评估显示，针对 SARS-CoV-2 的生物安全包膜核糖核酸病毒模型，5 小时内病毒灭活率为 100%。

研究限制/影响

Cu-W-Ag 架构适用于重新分布的制造，有助于减少 SARS-CoV-2 的表面污染。尽管如此，进一步优化可能会缩短病毒灭活时间。

实际意义

该研究扩展到展示开源 3D 打印 Cu-W-Ag 抗病毒口罩过滤器原型。

社会影响

COVID-19 大流行的演变性质带来了新的和不可预测的挑战，其中 3D 打印抗病毒材料的重新分布制造可以实现快速解决方案。

原创性/价值

这些论文首次提出了一种方法来数字化构思和按需打印一种新型 Cu-W-Ag 合金，该合金对 SARS-CoV-2 显示出高抗病毒行为。