Abstract

This article aims to study the special phenomenon of wheel wear occurring on trains operating on a metro line in which the wheel polygonal wear rate of the right wheel is higher than that of the left wheel. Based on the perspective that frictional self-excited oscillation causes wheel polygonal wear, a flexible wheelset–rails system was built and, using complex feature value analysis, the unstable vibrations of this system were investigated. Moreover, the factors influencing wheel polygonal wear were studied. The simulation results show that when a subway train runs on a tightly curved track at 50 km/h, saturated creep forces upon two wheels of the leading wheelset are created. These forces can lead to unstable vibrations at frequencies of about 51, 60, and 69 Hz that are capable of inducing ninth-order wheel polygonal wear. Based on modal analysis and transient analysis, it is found that the unstable vibration intensity of the inner wheel–rail system is greater than that of the outer wheel–rail system, which leads to more uneven wear on the inner wheel. The length difference between the right and left curved tracks is the main reason for the different polygonal wear rates between the right and left wheels. The addition of damping material to the surface in the middle part of the wheelset axle has a small effect on the inhibition of wheel corrugation caused by the unstable vibrations. Fastener failure can lead to a stronger tendency toward wheel polygonal wear.

摘要

本文旨在研究右轮车轮多边形磨损率高于左轮多边形磨损率的地铁线路上运行的列车上发生的车轮磨损的特殊现象。基于摩擦自激振动引起车轮多边形磨损的观点，构建了柔性轮对-轨道系统，并利用复杂特征值分析研究了该系统的不稳定振动。此外，研究了影响车轮多边形磨损的因素。仿真结果表明，当地铁列车以 50 km/h 的速度在紧弯轨道上运行时，会在引导轮对的两个车轮上产生饱和蠕变力。这些力会导致频率约为 51、60 和 69 Hz 的不稳定振动，从而导致九阶车轮多边形磨损。基于模态分析和瞬态分析发现，内轮轨系统的不稳定振动强度大于外轮轨系统，导致内轮的不均匀磨损更多。左右弯道的长度差异是左右车轮多边形磨损率不同的主要原因。轮对轴中部表面加入阻尼材料，对抑制不稳定振动引起的车轮波纹影响较小。紧固件故障会导致车轮多边形磨损的趋势更强。左右弯道的长度差异是左右车轮多边形磨损率不同的主要原因。轮对轴中部表面加入阻尼材料，对抑制不稳定振动引起的车轮波纹影响较小。紧固件故障会导致车轮多边形磨损的趋势更强。左右弯道的长度差异是左右车轮多边形磨损率不同的主要原因。轮对轴中部表面加入阻尼材料，对抑制不稳定振动引起的车轮波纹影响较小。紧固件故障会导致车轮多边形磨损的趋势更强。