In recent years, the research community has, with comprehensive systems biology approaches and related technologies, gained insight into the vast complexity of numerous cancers. These approaches allow an in-depth exploration that cannot be achieved solely using conventional low-throughput methods, which do not closely mimic the natural cellular environment. In this review, we discuss recent integrative multiple omics approaches for understanding and modulating previously identified ‘undruggable’ targets such as members of the RAS family, MYC, TP53, and various E3 ligases and deubiquitinases. We describe how these technologies have revolutionized drug discovery by overcoming an array of biological and technological challenges and how, in the future, they will be pivotal in assessing cancer states in individual patients, allowing for the prediction and application of personalized disease treatments.

近年来，研究界通过全面的系统生物学方法和相关技术，深入了解了众多癌症的巨大复杂性。这些方法允许进行深入探索，而仅使用传统的低通量方法无法实现，这些方法不能密切模仿自然细胞环境。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近的综合多组学方法，用于理解和调节先前确定的“不可治疗”靶标，例如 RAS 家族成员、MYC、TP53 以及各种 E3 连接酶和去泛素酶。我们描述了这些技术如何通过克服一系列生物和技术挑战来彻底改变药物发现，以及在未来，它们将如何在评估个体患者的癌症状态方面发挥关键作用，