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Flexible Crystalline-Silicon Photovoltaics: Light Management with Surface Structures
Accounts of Materials Research ( IF 14.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00038
Han-Don Um 1 , Inchan Hwang 1 , Deokjae Choi 1 , Kwanyong Seo 1
Affiliation  

Flexible solar cells have been intensively studied in recent years for their applicability on curved or uneven surfaces, which augments their versatility toward various applications. Although emerging materials such as organics/polymers, perovskite, amorphous silicon, and copper indium gallium selenide have been used as light absorption materials for flexible solar cells, the commercialization of these materials is limited owing to their efficiency degradation, usage of toxic materials, short lifespan, or scarcity. On the contrary, crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have been commercialized because of their low manufacturing cost, long lifespan of over 20 years, and high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≤26.7%. However, the development of flexible solar cells using c-Si substrate poses an intrinsic problem resulting from its rigid material characteristics. In recent years, flexible solar cells using thin c-Si wafers have become more attractive with archiving a higher PCE than that of the emerging flexible solar cells. In addition, the mechanical flexibility can be realized using a thin c-Si film with a thickness of ≤50 μm, which is a quarter of the substrate thickness of conventional c-Si solar cells. Nonetheless, thin c-Si-based flexible solar cells face critical challenges because of severe light absorption loss in the entire wavelength region (300–1100 nm) because of the low absorption coefficient and surface reflection of c-Si. The development of the c-Si flexible solar cells should focus on improving the light absorption of thin c-Si films as well as maintaining the mechanical flexibility and stability of the thin c-Si solar cells. Thus, in this Account, we introduce high-aspect-ratio c-Si microwires and a random inverted-pyramidal-transparent optical film as promising surface structures for the efficient trapping of incident light in thin c-Si films. Moreover, the principles regarding the improvement in light absorption of these surface structures are discussed along with the implementable strategies for maximizing PCE of the c-Si flexible solar cells. Lastly, perspectives on further improvement of the PCE and stability of the flexible c-Si solar cells are presented.

中文翻译:

柔性晶体硅光伏:具有表面结构的光管理

近年来,柔性太阳能电池因其在弯曲或不平坦表面上的适用性而得到深入研究,这增强了它们对各种应用的多功能性。尽管有机物/聚合物、钙钛矿、非晶硅和铜铟镓硒等新兴材料已被用作柔性太阳能电池的光吸收材料,但这些材料的商业化因其效率下降、使用有毒材料、短寿命,或稀缺性。相反,晶体硅(c-Si)太阳能电池因其制造成本低、使用寿命长达20年以上以及≤26.7%的高功率转换效率(PCE)而已经商业化。然而,使用 c-Si 衬底的柔性太阳能电池的开发带来了由其刚性材料特性导致的内在问题。近年来,与新兴的柔性太阳能电池相比,使用薄 c-Si 晶片的柔性太阳能电池具有更高的 PCE,因此变得更具吸引力。此外,使用厚度≤50μm的薄c-Si薄膜可以实现机械柔性,这是传统c-Si太阳能电池基板厚度的四分之一。尽管如此,由于 c-Si 的低吸收系数和表面反射,薄的 c-Si 基柔性太阳能电池面临着严峻的挑战,因为在整个波长范围 (300-1100 nm) 内都有严重的光吸收损失。c-Si 柔性太阳能电池的发展应侧重于提高薄 c-Si 薄膜的光吸收以及保持薄 c-Si 太阳能电池的机械柔韧性和稳定性。因此,在这个帐户中,我们引入了高纵横比 c-Si 微线和随机倒锥形透明光学膜,作为有希望的表面结构,用于在薄 c-Si 膜中有效捕获入射光。此外,还讨论了有关改善这些表面结构光吸收的原理以及最大化 c-Si 柔性太阳能电池 PCE 的可实施策略。最后,提出了进一步改进柔性 c-Si 太阳能电池的 PCE 和稳定性的观点。我们引入了高纵横比 c-Si 微线和随机倒锥体透明光学膜作为有希望的表面结构,用于在薄 c-Si 膜中有效捕获入射光。此外,还讨论了有关改善这些表面结构光吸收的原理以及最大化 c-Si 柔性太阳能电池 PCE 的可实施策略。最后,提出了进一步改进柔性 c-Si 太阳能电池的 PCE 和稳定性的观点。我们引入了高纵横比 c-Si 微线和随机倒锥体透明光学膜作为有希望的表面结构,用于在薄 c-Si 膜中有效捕获入射光。此外,还讨论了有关改善这些表面结构光吸收的原理以及最大化 c-Si 柔性太阳能电池 PCE 的可实施策略。最后,提出了进一步改进柔性 c-Si 太阳能电池的 PCE 和稳定性的观点。讨论了有关改善这些表面结构光吸收的原理以及最大化 c-Si 柔性太阳能电池 PCE 的可实施策略。最后,提出了进一步改进柔性 c-Si 太阳能电池的 PCE 和稳定性的观点。讨论了有关改善这些表面结构光吸收的原理以及最大化 c-Si 柔性太阳能电池 PCE 的可实施策略。最后,提出了进一步改进柔性 c-Si 太阳能电池的 PCE 和稳定性的观点。
更新日期:2021-09-24
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