Databases containing macro-level data are an underutilized methodological tool for expanding theory in micro research (i.e., individual and team) to the macro (i.e., organizational and higher) level of analysis. We describe how macro archival databases support different theoretical approaches for upwardly expanding micro research and summarize unanswered research questions across micro domains requiring upward expansion. We describe 31 macro archival databases as a resource for testing research questions that upwardly expand theorizing in micro domains and how databases enable methodological best practices (i.e., data collection over time, multiple measures of a construct, multilevel statistical controls, missing data and outlier management) that are often difficult to apply in typical micro research. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of using macro archival databases through an empirical illustration in the workplace diversity domain: positive effects of manager gender diversity and manager industry gender diversity on firm performance (i.e., ROA and ROE).

中文翻译：

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使用宏观档案数据库扩展微观研究中的理论

包含宏观层面数据的数据库是一种未被充分利用的方法论工具，用于将微观研究（即个人和团队）的理论扩展到宏观（即组织和更高）分析层面。我们描述了宏观档案数据库如何支持向上扩展微观研究的不同理论方法，并总结需要向上扩展的微观领域中未解决的研究问题。我们将 31 个宏观档案数据库描述为测试研究问题的资源，这些问题在微观领域向上扩展理论，以及数据库如何实现方法学最佳实践（即，随着时间的推移，数据收集、构造的多个测量、多级统计控制、缺失数据和异常值管理) 这通常难以应用于典型的微观研究。最后，