Resin-based activated carbon spheres (ACSs) were firstly prepared by a combined suspension polymerization, carbonization and activation method. The ACSs were oxidized with nitric acid (NACSs) to modify the surface properties for enhancing the decolorization effect for hydrogenated coal tar. The morphology, pore structure, elemental composition and pyrolysis kinetics of the polymer sample were characterized by SEM, N₂ adsorption, FTIR, XPS and TGA. Results show that the oxidation modification of ACSs has little influence on the surface morphology and pore structure while the numbers of surface oxygen functional groups are remarkably increased. P-benzoquinone (DBD) and N,N-di-sec-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (PBQ) were selected as model color compounds for decolorization tests with ACSs and NACSs. The effects of adsorption time, temperature and adsorbent dosage on the decolorization performance were investigated. Under the same adsorption conditions, the decolorization rates of DBD and PBQ are 94.5% and 96.6%, respectively for NACSs while those for ACSs are much lower, indicative of an outstanding adsorption performance of NACSs. The hydrogen bonds formed between surface functional groups and colored compounds may play a key role in the improvement of adsorption performance. Moreover, the decolorization rate of NACSs still reach more than 90% after NACSs are recycled for 6 times. The decolorization effect of NACSs for real hydrogenated coal tar is also significant and the color is basically faded after adsorption with NACSs, confirming the feasibility of NACSs in practical applications.

首先采用悬浮聚合、碳化和活化相结合的方法制备了树脂基活性炭球（ACSs）。ACSs 用硝酸 (NACSs) 氧化以改变表面性质以增强氢化煤焦油的脱色效果。通过SEM、N ₂表征聚合物样品的形貌、孔结构、元素组成和热解动力学吸附、FTIR、XPS 和 TGA。结果表明，ACSs的氧化改性对表面形貌和孔结构影响不大，而表面氧官能团的数量显着增加。选择对苯醌 (DBD) 和 N,N-二仲丁基-1,4-苯二胺 (PBQ) 作为模型颜色化合物，用于 ACS 和 NACS 的脱色测试。考察了吸附时间、温度和吸附剂用量对脱色性能的影响。在相同的吸附条件下，NACSs 的 DBD 和 PBQ 的脱色率分别为 94.5% 和 96.6%，而 ACSs 的脱色率要低得多，表明 NACSs 的吸附性能优异。表面官能团与有色化合物之间形成的氢键可能在吸附性能的提高中起关键作用。此外，NACSs在循环使用6次后，脱色率仍达到90%以上。NACSs对真正加氢煤焦油的脱色效果也显着，用NACSs吸附后颜色基本褪色，证实了NACSs在实际应用中的可行性。