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Direction of Arrival Estimation of Wideband Sources Using Sparse Linear Arrays
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-07 , DOI: 10.1109/tsp.2021.3094718
Feiyu Wang , Zhi Tian , Geert Leus , Jun Fang

In this paper, we study the problem of wideband direction of arrival (DoA) estimation with sparse linear arrays (SLAs), where a number of uncorrelated wideband signals impinge on an SLA and the data is collected from multiple frequency bins. To boost the performance and perform underdetermined DoA estimation, the difference co-array response matrices for all frequency bins are constructed first. Then, to merge the data from different frequency bins, we resort to the Jacobi-Anger approximation to transform the co-array response matrices of all frequency bins into a single virtual uniform linear array (ULA) response matrix. The major advantage of this approach is that the transformation matrices are all signal independent. For the special case where all sources share an identical distribution of the power spectrum, we develop two super-resolution off-the-grid DoA estimation approaches based on atomic norm minimization (ANM), one with and one without prior knowledge of the power spectrum. Our solution is able to resolve more sources than the number of antennas but also more than the number of degrees of freedom (DoF) of the difference co-array of the SLA. For the general case where each source has an arbitrary power spectrum, we propose a multi-task ANM method to exploit the joint sparsity from all frequency bins. Simulation results show that our proposed methods present a clear performance advantage over existing methods, and achieve an estimation accuracy close to the associated Cramér-Rao bounds (CRBs).

中文翻译:

使用稀疏线性阵列估计宽带源的到达方向

在本文中,我们研究了使用稀疏线性阵列 (SLA) 进行宽带到达方向 (DoA) 估计的问题,其中许多不相关的宽带信号撞击 SLA,并且数据是从多个频率仓收集的。为了提高性能并执行欠定 DoA 估计,首先构建所有频率仓的差异共阵列响应矩阵。然后,为了合并来自不同频率仓的数据,我们采用 Jacobi-Anger 近似将所有频率仓的共阵列响应矩阵转换为单个虚拟均匀线性阵列 (ULA) 响应矩阵。这种方法的主要优点是变换矩阵都与信号无关。对于所有源共享相同功率谱分布的特殊情况,我们开发了两种基于原子范数最小化 (ANM) 的超分辨率离网 DoA 估计方法,一种具有功率谱的先验知识,另一种没有功率谱的先验知识。我们的解决方案能够解决比天线数量更多的来源,但也比 SLA 的差异共阵列的自由度 (DoF) 数量更多。对于每个源具有任意功率谱的一般情况,我们提出了一种多任务 ANM 方法来利用所有频率仓的联合稀疏性。仿真结果表明,我们提出的方法与现有方法相比具有明显的性能优势,并实现了接近相关的 Cramér-Rao 边界(CRB)的估计精度。我们的解决方案能够解决比天线数量更多的来源,但也比 SLA 的差异共阵列的自由度 (DoF) 数量更多。对于每个源具有任意功率谱的一般情况,我们提出了一种多任务 ANM 方法来利用所有频率仓的联合稀疏性。仿真结果表明,我们提出的方法与现有方法相比具有明显的性能优势,并实现了接近相关的 Cramér-Rao 边界(CRB)的估计精度。我们的解决方案能够解决比天线数量更多的来源,但也比 SLA 的差异共阵列的自由度 (DoF) 数量更多。对于每个源具有任意功率谱的一般情况,我们提出了一种多任务 ANM 方法来利用所有频率仓的联合稀疏性。仿真结果表明,我们提出的方法与现有方法相比具有明显的性能优势,并实现了接近相关的 Cramér-Rao 边界(CRB)的估计精度。
更新日期:2021-08-20
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