This article thanks to recent advancements in nanofabrication and 3-D packaging, typical Internet of Things devices can now be wirelessly controlled using millimeter-scale sensors known as Internet of Tiny Things devices. Since these low-power devices may be exposed to low and indirect solar irradiation, we demonstrate a novel mesosuperstructured solar cell (MSSC) that allows low flux light to be harvested from both its top and bottom sides. Our cell is based on either a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) or a perovskite solar cell (PSC). The active layer in the proposed MSSCs was tuned to allow semitransparent behavior. Moreover, we developed an experimentally validated model that enables optimization of the active layer thickness for different semitransparent MSSC applications. In MSSCs, such optimization is necessary to balance the tradeoff between transparency and efficiency for various active layer thicknesses. Fabricated DSSCs and PSCs cells were used to validate the simulation results. The fabricated DSSC achieved a harvesting ratio of 1:10 with a conversion efficiency of around 2% at one Sun. We demonstrate that the optimum thickness of the mesoporous TiO ₂ active layer in DSSCs was 800 nm, enabling a maximum power density of 7 mW/cm ² .

中文翻译：

---

研究用于毫米级应用的半透明双面介观超结构太阳能电池的透明度和效率之间的权衡

由于纳米制造和 3D 封装的最新进展，现在可以使用称为微型物联网设备的毫米级传感器无线控制典型的物联网设备。由于这些低功率设备可能会暴露在低强度和间接的太阳辐射下，我们展示了一种新型的介观超结构太阳能电池 (MSSC)，它允许从其顶部和底部收集低通量光。我们的电池基于染料敏化太阳能电池 (DSSC) 或钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC)。提议的 MSSC 中的活性层经过调整以允许半透明行为。此外，我们开发了一个经过实验验证的模型，可以优化不同半透明 MSSC 应用的活性层厚度。在 MSSC 中，这种优化对于平衡各种活性层厚度的透明度和效率之间的权衡是必要的。制造的 DSSC 和 PSC 电池用于验证模拟结果。制造的 DSSC 在一个太阳下实现了 1:10 的收集比，转换效率约为 2%。我们证明了介孔 TiO2 的最佳厚度 DSSC 中的₂活性层为 800 nm，最大功率密度为 7 mW/cm ² 。