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Graspability Modulates the Stronger Neural Signature of Motor Preparation for Real Objects vs. Pictures
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-05 , DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01771
Grant T Fairchild 1 , Francesco Marini 1 , Jacqueline C Snow 1
Affiliation  

The cognitive and neural bases of visual perception are typically studied using pictures rather than real-world stimuli. Unlike pictures, real objects are actionable solids that can be manipulated with the hands. Recent evidence from human brain imaging suggests that neural responses to real objects differ from responses to pictures; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms that drive these differences. Here, we tested whether brain responses to real objects versus pictures are differentially modulated by the “in-the-moment” graspability of the stimulus. In human dorsal cortex, electroencephalographic responses show a “real object advantage” in the strength and duration of mu (μ) and low beta (β) rhythm desynchronization—well-known neural signatures of visuomotor action planning. We compared desynchronization for real tools versus closely matched pictures of the same objects, when the stimuli were positioned unoccluded versus behind a large transparent barrier that prevented immediate access to the stimuli. We found that, without the barrier in place, real objects elicited stronger μ and β desynchronization compared to pictures, both during stimulus presentation and after stimulus offset, replicating previous findings. Critically, however, with the barrier in place, this real object advantage was attenuated during the period of stimulus presentation, whereas the amplification in later periods remained. These results suggest that the “real object advantage” is driven initially by immediate actionability, whereas later differences perhaps reflect other, more inherent properties of real objects. The findings showcase how the use of richer multidimensional stimuli can provide a more complete and ecologically valid understanding of object vision.



中文翻译:

可抓取性调节真实物体与图片的运动准备的更强神经特征

通常使用图片而不是现实世界的刺激来研究视觉感知的认知和神经基础。与图片不同,真实物体是可以用手操纵的可操作实体。最近来自人脑成像的证据表明,对真实物体的神经反应不同于对图片的反应;然而,人们对驱动这些差异的神经机制知之甚少。在这里,我们测试了大脑对真实物体和图片的反应是否受到刺激的“即时”可把握性的差异调制。在人类背皮层中,脑电图反应在 mu (μ) 和低 beta (β) 节律去同步化的强度和持续时间方面显示出“真实对象优势”——众所周知的视觉运动动作规划的神经特征。我们将真实工具的去同步化与相同对象的紧密匹配的图片进行了比较,当刺激物被放置在未被遮挡的位置时与阻止立即访问刺激物的大型透明屏障后面。我们发现,在没有适当的障碍的情况下,与图片相比,真实物体在刺激呈现期间和刺激抵消之后引发更强的 μ 和 β 去同步化,复制了之前的发现。然而,至关重要的是,随着障碍的存在,这种真实物体优势在刺激呈现期间减弱,而在后期的放大仍然存在。这些结果表明,“真实对象优势”最初是由即时可操作性驱动的,而后来的差异可能反映了真实对象的其他更固有的属性。

更新日期:2021-11-09
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