Distinct and dynamic distributions of multiple elements and their species in the rice rhizosphere,Plant and Soil

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Distinct and dynamic distributions of multiple elements and their species in the rice rhizosphere
Plant and Soil ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05100-x
Zhao-Feng Yuan _{1,

2,

3} , Williamson Gustave _{1,

2,

4} , Zheng Chen ₁ , Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim ₅ , Jonathan Bridge ₆ , Raju Sekar ₇ , Fuyuan Liu ₈

Affiliation

Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
Chemistry, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of The Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau, Bahamas
Department of Global Agricultural Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
Department of Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard St, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
Department of Electric and Electronic, School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China

Aims

The biogeochemical cycles of elements from soils to plants are mainly governed by their rhizosphere processes. Understanding these processes is challenging and remains largely unresolved due to the complex interrelationships among different elements and due to a lack of appropriate techniques for simultaneous spatiotemporal monitoring.

Methods

This study employed an updated In-situ Porewater Iterative (IPI) sampler to collect porewater across the rice rhizosphere at a spatial resolution of 1.7 mm and a time interval of 3–10 days. An IPI sampler array (0–22 mm measurement distance every 1.7 mm) was adopted to capture the in situ spatiotemporal dynamics of ten elements (Fe, Mn, As, P, S, Cr, Co, Zn, Sb and Cd) in the paddy rhizosphere to examine their covarying changes in time and space dimensions, with an emphasis on As and Cd.

Results

The findings revealed that the solute-phase concentration of most elements, other than Sb and Cd, increased to a peak after 30 days of paddy soil flooding and then decreased. Additionally, Sb and Cd continuously decreased during flooding. Fe (−52%), Mn (−17%), P (−43%), Co (−11%), and As species (−74%) were substantially immobilized within a 10 mm zone around the roots, while Zn (28%) and Cd (41%) increased. Almost all arsenite-oxidizing genes were significantly promoted in the rhizosphere.

Conclusions

Our study showed most sampled elements covaried with Fe both in time and space in the rhizosphere, but the elements are temporally and spatially determined by multiple biogeochemical processes in soils as well as exudates from plant roots.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

水稻根际多种元素及其种类的动态分布特征

宗旨

元素从土壤到植物的生物地球化学循环主要受其根际过程控制。由于不同元素之间复杂的相互关系以及缺乏同步时空监测的适当技术，了解这些过程具有挑战性并且在很大程度上仍未解决。

方法

本研究采用更新的原位孔隙水迭代 (IPI) 采样器以 1.7 毫米的空间分辨率和 3-10 天的时间间隔收集水稻根际的孔隙水。采用 IPI 采样器阵列（每 1.7 毫米测量距离为 0-22 毫米）来捕获 10 种元素（Fe、Mn、As、P、S、Cr、Co、Zn、Sb 和 Cd）的原位时空动态。水稻根际以检查它们在时间和空间维度上的共变变化，重点是 As 和 Cd。

结果

研究结果表明，除 Sb 和 Cd 外，大多数元素的溶质相浓度在稻田淹水 30 天后增加到峰值，然后下降。此外，Sb 和 Cd 在洪水期间不断减少。Fe (-52%)、Mn (-17%)、P (-43%)、Co (-11%) 和 As (-74%) 基本上固定在根部周围 10 mm 的区域内，而 Zn (28%) 和 Cd (41%) 增加。几乎所有亚砷酸盐氧化基因在根际都得到显着促进。