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Exploring solar-terrestrial interactions via multiple imaging observers
Experimental Astronomy ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09784-y
G. Branduardi-Raymont 1 , C. Forsyth 1 , A. A. Samsonov 1 , M. Berthomier 2 , Y. V. Bogdanova 3 , M. Dunlop 3, 4 , J. A. Carter 5 , M. Lester 5 , S. Milan 5 , A. Read 5 , S. Sembay 5 , M. Collier 6 , F. S. Porter 6 , D. G. Sibeck 6 , A. Dimmock 7 , R. C. Fear 8 , B. Hubert 9 , E. A. Kronberg 10 , K. M. Laundal 11 , K. Oksavik 11 , N. Østgaard 11 , M. Palmroth 12 , F. Plaschke 13 , I. J. Rae 14 , Y. Shprits 15 , B. Walsh 16 , M. Yamauchi 17
Affiliation  

How does solar wind energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed? is the question we want to address. We need to understand how geomagnetic storms and substorms start and grow, not just as a matter of scientific curiosity, but to address a clear and pressing practical problem: space weather, which can influence the performance and reliability of our technological systems, in space and on the ground, and can endanger human life and health. Much knowledge has already been acquired over the past decades, particularly by making use of multiple spacecraft measuring conditions in situ, but the infant stage of space weather forecasting demonstrates that we still have a vast amount of learning to do. A novel global approach is now being taken by a number of space imaging missions which are under development and the first tantalising results of their exploration will be available in the next decade. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 Call, we propose the next step in the quest for a complete understanding of how the Sun controls the Earth’s plasma environment: a tomographic imaging approach comprising two spacecraft in highly inclined polar orbits, enabling global imaging of magnetopause and cusps in soft X-rays, of auroral regions in FUV, of plasmasphere and ring current in EUV and ENA (Energetic Neutral Atoms), alongside in situ measurements. Such a mission, encompassing the variety of physical processes determining the conditions of geospace, will be crucial on the way to achieving scientific closure on the question of solar-terrestrial interactions.



中文翻译:

通过多个成像观察者探索日地相互作用

太阳风能如何流经地球磁层,又是如何转换和分配的?是我们想要解决的问题。我们需要了解地磁暴和亚暴是如何开始和发展的,这不仅是出于科学好奇心的问题,而且是为了解决一个明确而紧迫的实际问题:空间天气,它会影响我们的技术系统在空间和空间中的性能和可靠性。在地面上,并可能危及人类的生命和健康。在过去的几十年里,人们已经获得了很多知识,特别是通过利用多种航天器在现场测量条件,但太空天气预报的婴儿阶段表明我们仍有大量的学习要做。许多正在开发的空间成像任务现在正在采用一种新的全球方法,它们的探索的第一个诱人结果将在未来十年内提供。在本白皮书中,为响应航程 2050 号召而提交给欧空局,我们提出了寻求全面了解太阳如何控制地球等离子体环境的下一步:一种断层成像方法,包括处于高度倾斜的极地轨道的两个航天器,使全球成像成为可能软 X 射线中的磁层顶和尖端、FUV 中的极光区域、EUV 和 ENA(高能中性原子)中的等离子体层和环电流,以及原位测量。这样的任务包括决定地球空间条件的各种物理过程,对于在日地相互作用问题上实现科学结论至关重要。一种断层成像方法,包括两个高度倾斜的极地轨道上的航天器,能够对软 X 射线中的磁层顶和尖点、FUV 中的极光区域、EUV 和 ENA(高能中性原子)中的等离子体层和环流以及原位进行全球成像测量。这样的任务包括决定地球空间条件的各种物理过程,对于在日地相互作用问题上实现科学结论至关重要。一种断层成像方法,包括两个高度倾斜的极地轨道上的航天器,能够对软 X 射线中的磁层顶和尖点、FUV 中的极光区域、EUV 和 ENA(高能中性原子)中的等离子体层和环流进行全球成像,以及原位测量。这样的任务包括决定地球空间条件的各种物理过程,对于在日地相互作用问题上实现科学结论至关重要。

更新日期:2021-08-19
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