Behavioral adjustments are of critical importance for the survival of animals when exposed to risk and resource variations in their environment. Moving to safer habitats allows prey to reduce the risk of mortality triggered by predation. This response has been well studied at the population level to assist in identifying key habitat components for wildlife conservation. However, while individuals may differ in their response to risk and thus in their survival expectancy, the determinants of individual adjustments in space and habitat use are largely unknown in management and conservation studies. Using GPS monitoring, we investigated the relationship between individual traits (morphometry, personality, health status) and adjustments in the use of space relative to risky features (hedgerows, roads/tracks, woodlands, built-up areas) with regard to predation risk. We used the gray partridge (Perdix perdix) as a study model (captive-reared birds released into the farmlands). During the diel cycle, predation risk mainly occurs by carnivores at night, whereas human hunting pressure occurs during the day. We found that personality and health status had an effect on adjustments in the use of space as response to risky features. At night, when carnivore activity is expected to be high, bolder individuals were farther from hedgerows relative to the day. Similarly, individuals in good health were located farther from hedgerows, roads/tracks, and woodland at night relative to the day. We discuss the need for better consideration of individual traits in management and conservation programs, with a particular focus on recovery programs that rely on translocation of captive-reared individuals.

当暴露于环境中的风险和资源变化时，行为调整对于动物的生存至关重要。迁移到更安全的栖息地可以让猎物降低因捕食引发的死亡风险。这种反应在种群水平上得到了很好的研究，以帮助确定野生动物保护的关键栖息地组成部分。然而，虽然个体对风险的反应可能不同，因此他们的生存预期也不同，但在管理和保护研究中，个体调整空间和栖息地使用的决定因素在很大程度上是未知的。使用 GPS 监测，我们调查了个体特征（形态测量、个性、健康状况）与相对于风险特征（树篱、道路/轨道、林地、建成区）关于捕食风险。我们使用了灰鹧鸪（Perdix perdix）作为研究模型（圈养饲养的鸟类被释放到农田中）。在昼夜循环中，捕食风险主要发生在夜间的食肉动物身上，而人类的狩猎压力则发生在白天。我们发现，个性和健康状况对调整空间使用作为对风险特征的反应有影响。到了晚上，当食肉动物的活动预计会很高时，与白天相比，更大胆的个体离树篱更远。同样，与白天相比，夜间健康状况良好的个体距离树篱、道路/轨道和林地更远。我们讨论了在管理和保护计划中更好地考虑个体特征的必要性，特别关注依赖于圈养饲养个体易地的恢复计划。