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Human Intestinal Microbiome and the Immune System: The Role of Probiotics in Shaping an Immune System Unsusceptible to COVID-19 Infection
Biology Bulletin Reviews Pub Date : 2021-08-16 , DOI: 10.1134/s2079086421040034
T. V. Belkina 1 , O. V. Averina 1 , V. N. Danilenko 1, 2 , E. V. Savenkova 2
Affiliation  

Abstract

Today, the human gastrointestinal microbiota (HGM) is seen as an organ that orchestrates the activity of all other organs and systems (namely the brain) and one that plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis of the host organism. A remarkable ability of the HGM as a key player in the development of a normal immune system is its ability to recognize stress signals in its environment, e.g., triggers by viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms, and to react accordingly. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, represents an unfamiliar type of virus to the human organism due to a lack of regular encounters between them over the course of evolution. This is one possible explanation of the disproportionate response of both innate and acquired immune systems seen in many people. In this review, we analyze certain immunomodulatory aspects of the HGM. We also assess the state of research in the field of next-generation probiotics, such as pharmacbiotics and postbiotics, and their potential use for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The range of symptoms typical of COVID-19 infection is presented in a concise form. The impact of COVID-19 infection on various organs and systems will be examined in future studies. Nevertheless, although we are in the early stages of the pandemic, we can still predict that COVID-19 will have a large impact of on the incidence of tuberculosis and depression in various populations around the world. The HGM, depending on whether it is normal or dysfunctional (dysbiosis), can be an important predictor of the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. These factors need to be taken into account, and, perhaps, a set of measures for the rehabilitation of certain groups of the population should be adopted. These measures should include the development of next-generation pharmacbiotics (psychobiotics, probiotics exhibiting antioxidant properties, immunobiotics), as well as specialized functional foods.



中文翻译:

人类肠道微生物组和免疫系统:益生菌在塑造不易受 COVID-19 感染的免疫系统中的作用

摘要——

今天,人类胃肠道微生物群 (HGM) 被视为协调所有其他器官和系统(即大脑)活动的器官,并且在维持宿主生物体的稳态方面发挥着重要作用。HGM 作为正常免疫系统发展中的关键参与者的一个显着能力是它能够识别其环境中的压力信号,例如由病毒和其他病原微生物触发,并相应地做出反应。SARS-CoV-2 是 COVID-19 疾病的病原体,由于在进化过程中它们之间缺乏定期接触,因此对人类有机体来说是一种不熟悉的病毒类型。这是对在许多人中看到的先天性和获得性免疫系统不成比例的反应的一种可能解释。在这次审查中,我们分析了 HGM 的某些免疫调节方面。我们还评估了下一代益生菌领域的研究状况,例如药用生物和后生元,以及它们在预防和治疗 COVID-19 中的潜在用途。COVID-19 感染的典型症状范围以简明的形式呈现。未来的研究将检查 COVID-19 感染对各种器官和系统的影响。尽管如此,尽管我们处于大流行的早期阶段,但我们仍然可以预测 COVID-19 将对世界各地不同人群的结核病和抑郁症的发病率产生很大影响。HGM,取决于它是正常还是功能失调(生态失调),可以成为 COVID-19 疫苗效力的重要预测指标。需要考虑这些因素,也许,应采取一套措施,使某些人口群体康复。这些措施应包括开发下一代药用生物(精神生物、具有抗氧化特性的益生菌、免疫生物)以及专门的功能性食品。

更新日期:2021-08-19
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