Approaches based on animal and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models cannot ensure reliable results in modeling novel pathogens or in drug testing in the short term; therefore, there is rising interest in platforms such as organoids. To develop a toolbox that can be used successfully to overcome current issues in modeling various infections, it is essential to provide a framework of recent achievements in applying organoids. Organoids have been used to study viruses, bacteria, and protists that cause, for example, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and liver diseases. Their future as models of infection will be associated with improvements in system complexity, including abilities to model tissue structure, a dynamic microenvironment, and coinfection.

Teaser.

Organoids are a flexible tool for modelling viral, bacterial and protist infections. They can provide fast and reliable information on the biology of pathogens and in drug screening, and thus have become essential in combatting emerging infectious diseases.

基于动物和二维 (2D) 细胞培养模型的方法不能确保短期内模拟新病原体或药物测试的可靠结果；因此，人们对类器官等平台越来越感兴趣。为了开发一个可以成功用于克服当前在模拟各种感染方面存在的问题的工具箱，必须提供一个最近在应用类器官方面取得的成就的框架。类器官已被用于研究导致呼吸道、胃肠道和肝脏疾病的病毒、细菌和原生生物。它们作为感染模型的未来将与系统复杂性的改进相关，包括模拟组织结构、动态微环境和共感染的能力。

预告片。

类器官是模拟病毒、细菌和原生生物感染的灵活工具。它们可以提供有关病原体生物学和药物筛选的快速可靠的信息，因此已成为抗击新发传染病的关键。