Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are antimicrobial cobweb-structured materials produced by immune cells for clearance of pathogens in the body, but are paradoxically associated with biofilm formation and exacerbated lung infections. To provide a better materials perspective on the pleiotropic roles played by NETs at diverse compositions/concentrations, a NETs-like material (called “microwebs”, abbreviated as μwebs) is synthesized for decoding the antimicrobial activity of NETs against Staphylococcus aureus in infection-relevant conditions. It is shown that μwebs composed of low-to-intermediate concentrations of DNA-histone complexes successfully trap and inhibit S. aureus growth and biofilm formation. However, with growing concentrations and histone proportions, the resulting microwebs appear gel-like structures accompanied by reduced antimicrobial activity that can even promote the formation of S. aureus biofilms. The simplified model of NETs provides materials-based evidence on NETs-relevant pathology in the development of biofilms.

中文翻译：

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DNA-组蛋白微网对金黄色葡萄球菌的剂量依赖性抗菌活性

中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NET）是由免疫细胞产生的抗菌蜘蛛网结构材料，用于清除体内的病原体，但与生物膜形成和加剧的肺部感染却矛盾地相关。为了更好地了解 NETs 在不同成分/浓度下所发挥的多效性作用，合成了一种类 NETs 材料（称为“微网”，缩写为 μwebs），用于解码 NETs在感染相关的金黄色葡萄球菌中的抗菌活性。状况。结果表明，由低至中等浓度的 DNA-组蛋白复合物组成的 μwebs 成功捕获并抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长和生物膜形成。然而，随着浓度和组蛋白比例的增加，产生的微网出现凝胶状结构，同时抗菌活性降低，甚至可以促进金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成。NET 的简化模型提供了生物膜形成过程中 NET 相关病理学的基于材料的证据。