The hypersensitivity of state-of-the-art polyamide-based membranes to chlorine is a major source of premature membrane failure and module replacement in water desalination plants. This problem can currently only be solved by implementing pre- and post-treatment processes involving additional chemical use and energy input, thus increasing environmental, capital, and operational costs. Herein, we report a chlorine-, acid-, and base-resistant desalination membrane comprising a cross-linked epoxide-based polymer-selective layer with permanent positive charges. These novel membranes exhibit high mono- and divalent salt rejection (81% NaCl, 87% CaCl₂, 89% MgCl₂) and a water permeance of ∼2 L m^–2 h^–1 bar^–1, i.e., desalination performance comparable to that of commercially available nanofiltration membranes. Unlike conventional polyamide-based membranes, this new generation of epoxide-based membranes takes advantage of the intrinsic chemical stability of ether bonds while achieving the polymer and charge density needed for desalination. In doing so, the stability of these membranes opens new horizons for sustainable water purification and many other separations in harsh media in a variety of applications (e.g., solvent recovery, gas separations, redox flow batteries).

中文翻译：

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用于可持续海水淡化的耐氯环氧化物膜

最先进的聚酰胺基膜对氯的超敏反应是海水淡化厂膜过早失效和模块更换的主要原因。这个问题目前只能通过实施涉及额外化学品使用和能源输入的预处理和后处理过程来解决，从而增加环境、资本和运营成本。在此，我们报告了一种耐氯、耐酸和耐碱的海水淡化膜，该膜包含具有永久正电荷的交联环氧化物聚合物选择性层。这些新型膜具有较高的单价和二价盐截留率（81% NaCl、87% CaCl ₂、89% MgCl ₂）和~2 L m ^–2 h ^–1 bar ^–1的水渗透率，即脱盐性能可与市售纳滤膜相媲美。与传统的聚酰胺膜不同，这种新一代环氧化物膜利用了醚键固有的化学稳定性，同时实现了脱盐所需的聚合物和电荷密度。这样做时，这些膜的稳定性为可持续水净化和各种应用（例如，溶剂回收、气体分离、氧化还原液流电池）中苛刻介质中的许多其他分离开辟了新视野。