ABSTRACT

How ambitious, active and influential are countries and regional groups in global environmental negotiations? We construct eight ideal types of their roles based on ambition, activity and influence. We then examine how the roles of countries and regional groups are perceived by participants in these negotiations through a large-scale online survey. The European Union, Norway and the African Group are perceived as the most prominent reformist leaders, being highly ambitious, active and influential. On the contrary, India, the Russian Federation and many regional groups are mostly perceived as conservative bystanders, with low levels of ambition, activity and influence.

摘要

各国和区域集团在全球环境谈判中的雄心、积极和影响力如何？我们根据野心、活动和影响力构建了八种理想的角色类型。然后，我们通过大规模在线调查研究这些谈判的参与者如何看待国家和地区集团的作用。欧盟、挪威和非洲集团被认为是最杰出的改革派领导人，雄心勃勃、积极主动和有影响力。相反，印度、俄罗斯联邦和许多区域集团大多被视为保守的旁观者，其野心、活动和影响力水平较低。