Monitoring runoff is critical for water resources management. Remote sensing can be an effective technique to investigate changes in runoff on data-scarce regions. This study used Calibrated Passive Microwave Daily EASE-Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperature Earth System Data Record (CETB) and M/C signal method to simulate runoff in Lhasa River Basin. This satellite-derived runoff was compared with gauge observations and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model simulations. The results show that (1) the well-correlated satellite-derived M/C signals are able to detect the runoff process in the selected river channels. For most gauges, the runoff generated by M/C signals fit well with observation, giving a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.9, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient greater than 0.8, and relative error less than 15%; (2) When compared to the SWAT model, the M/C signal method has advantages in flood season runoff simulation. These two simulation methods are nearly equal for the entire runoff process; (3) For runoff simulation influenced by the underlying surface and the shape of the river channel, the M/C signal method is better suited in areas with a low fraction vegetation cover and channels with a typical inverted trapezoid shape. Overall, we conclude that M/C signal method simulation is a valuable source of surface water information and could be used for runoff monitoring in data-scarce areas.

监测径流对水资源管理至关重要。遥感可以成为研究数据稀缺地区径流变化的有效技术。本研究使用校准被动微波每日 EASE-Grid 2.0 亮度温度地球系统数据记录 (CETB) 和 M/C 信号方法来模拟拉萨河流域的径流。将此卫星衍生的径流与仪表观测和土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模型模拟进行了比较。结果表明：（1）相关卫星衍生的 M/C 信号能够检测选定河道中的径流过程。对于大多数仪表，M/C信号产生的径流与观测值吻合良好，Pearson相关系数大于0.9，Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数大于0.8，相对误差小于15%；(2)与SWAT模型相比，M/C信号法在汛期径流模拟中具有优势。这两种模拟方法对于整个径流过程几乎相等；(3)对于受下垫面和河道形状影响的径流模拟，M/C信号法更适合植被覆盖率低的地区和典型的倒梯形河道。总的来说，我们得出结论，M/C 信号方法模拟是地表水信息的宝贵来源，可用于数据稀缺地区的径流监测。(3)对于受下垫面和河道形状影响的径流模拟，M/C信号法更适用于植被覆盖率低的地区和典型的倒梯形河道。总的来说，我们得出结论，M/C 信号方法模拟是地表水信息的宝贵来源，可用于数据稀缺地区的径流监测。(3)对于受下垫面和河道形状影响的径流模拟，M/C信号法更适用于植被覆盖率低的地区和典型的倒梯形河道。总的来说，我们得出结论，M/C 信号方法模拟是地表水信息的宝贵来源，可用于数据稀缺地区的径流监测。