Global Environmental Change ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102346 Xia Liang 1 , Shu Kee Lam 1 , Xin Zhang 2 , Oene Oenema 3 , Deli Chen 1
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient to support life, but if poorly managed, can adversely affect the environment, ecosystems and human health. The global challenge of achieving food security with minimal ecosystem degradation and human health impacts hinges on sustainable N management, which goes beyond farm level and requires concerted efforts from a range of stakeholders. While various metrics have been developed to inform N management, most of them focus on one or two stakeholders only. Few efforts have tried to integrate N metrics to derive a coherent set of actions for all stakeholders. Here we propose the “5 Ps” principles (Production, People, Planet, Policy and Partnerships) that shape guidelines for sustainable N management with multidimensional N metrics (i.e., N use efficiency, virtual N factor, N footprint, N neutrality, reactive N spatial intensity, N boundary, N price and N equity). The “5 Ps” principles address the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability. These principles allow multidimensional evaluation of N management, highlight specific areas for improvement, direct future research, and support the design of effective policy and legislation. They facilitate collective actions of producers, consumers, researchers and policy makers towards sustainable N management regionally and globally.
中文翻译:
遵循“5Ps”原则追求可持续氮管理:生产、人、地球、政策和伙伴关系
氮 (N) 是维持生命的必需营养素,但如果管理不善,会对环境、生态系统和人类健康产生不利影响。在生态系统退化和人类健康影响最小的情况下实现粮食安全的全球挑战取决于可持续的氮管理,这超出了农场层面,需要一系列利益相关者的共同努力。虽然已经开发了各种指标来通知 N 管理,但其中大多数只关注一两个利益相关者。很少有人尝试整合 N 个指标来为所有利益相关者得出一套连贯的行动。在这里,我们提出了“5 Ps”原则(生产、人、地球、政策和伙伴关系),这些原则通过多维 N 指标(即N 使用效率、虚拟 N 因素、N 足迹、N 中性、反应 N 空间强度、N 边界、N 价格和N 资产)。“5 Ps”原则涉及可持续性的环境、社会和经济层面。这些原则允许对 N 管理进行多维评估,突出特定的改进领域,指导未来的研究,并支持有效的政策和立法的设计。它们促进了生产者、消费者、研究人员和政策制定者的集体行动,以在区域和全球范围内实现可持续的氮管理。