Nanostructured W-Cu-Cr composites were fabricated, which exhibit exceptionally high hardness (~1000 HV) as compared with those of the conventional W-Cu composites, due to the combined advantages of Cr dissolution, precipitate formation and grain refinement. Nonmonotonic variation of the wear resistance with hardness was discovered. With an appropriate content of Cr, the preferential oxidation reduced the oxidation of W. Moreover, it facilitated formation of a stable protective film with fish-scale morphology and also refined the structure, leading to a high microhardness at the worn surface. The wear rate (1.65 × 10⁻⁶ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹) was reduced by an order of magnitude compared with that of the conventional counterpart. However, excessive addition of Cr may deteriorate the wear resistance in spite of a higher hardness due to the embrittlening of W phase and difficulty to form a stable protective film at the worn surface. This study provides a new strategy for developing W-Cu composites with outstanding wear resistance.

由于 Cr 溶解、沉淀形成和晶粒细化的综合优势，制备了纳米结构的 W-Cu-Cr 复合材料，与传统的 W-Cu 复合材料相比，它具有极高的硬度（~1000 HV）。发现了耐磨性随硬度的非单调变化。在适当的Cr含量下，优先氧化减少了W的氧化。此外，它有利于形成具有鱼鳞形形态的稳定保护膜，并细化组织，导致磨损表面具有较高的显微硬度。磨损率 (1.65 × 10 ^-6  mm ³  N ^-1  m ^-1) 与传统对应物相比减少了一个数量级。然而，由于 W 相的脆化和难以在磨损表面形成稳定的保护膜，尽管硬度较高，但过量添加 Cr 可能会降低耐磨性。该研究为开发具有优异耐磨性的 W-Cu 复合材料提供了一种新策略。