Temperament is an important issue that must be taken into consideration when purchasing horses for leisure, racing, or even work in the fields. Those who work with horses have various opinions about the relationship between a horse’s body characteristics and its temperament, but few scientific papers on this issue have been published. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationships of horse temperament with sex, breed, age, and body characteristics to help purchasers when selecting a horse with the desired temperament. A web-based survey consisting of a 32-item questionnaire was used to clarify the associations of sex, breed, age, and body characteristics with a horse’s temperament. The owners of a total of 112 horses from different countries (Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Iraq) were recruited to fill in the questionnaire about their horses. The results showed statistically significant associations of sex and breed with temperament with 89.7% and 108.3%, respectively (p values < 0.001), while there was no significant association between age and temperament (chi-square p value 0.58). The results also clarified significant associations between body characteristics (color, head and body marks, leg marks, and whorls) and temperament (all chi-square p-values < 0.001). Purchasers can predict a horse’s temperament from its sex, breed, and body characteristics, including coat color, body and leg marks, and whorls

中文翻译：

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马气质与品种、年龄、性别和身体特征的关系：一项基于问卷的研究

气质是购买马匹用于休闲、比赛甚至田间工作时必须考虑的一个重要问题。与马有关的人对马的身体特征与其气质之间的关系有不同的看法，但关于这个问题的科学论文很少发表。本研究的目的是阐明马的气质与性别、品种、年龄和身体特征的关系，以帮助购买者选择具有所需气质的马。一项由 32 项问卷组成的基于网络的调查用于阐明性别、品种、年龄和身体特征与马的气质之间的关联。共有来自不同国家（埃及、约旦、巴勒斯坦、和伊拉克）被招募来填写关于他们的马匹的问卷。结果显示，性别和品种与气质的显着相关性分别为 89.7% 和 108.3%（p 值 < 0.001），而年龄和气质之间没有显着关联（卡方 p 值 0.58）。结果还阐明了身体特征（颜色、头部和身体标记、腿部标记和轮回）与气质（所有卡方 p 值 < 0.001）之间的显着关联。购买者可以根据马的性别、品种和身体特征来预测马的气质，包括毛色、身体和腿部标记以及螺纹 而年龄和气质之间没有显着关联（卡方 p 值 0.58）。结果还阐明了身体特征（颜色、头部和身体标记、腿部标记和轮回）与气质（所有卡方 p 值 < 0.001）之间的显着关联。购买者可以根据马的性别、品种和身体特征来预测马的气质，包括毛色、身体和腿部标记以及螺纹 而年龄和气质之间没有显着关联（卡方 p 值 0.58）。结果还阐明了身体特征（颜色、头部和身体标记、腿部标记和轮回）与气质（所有卡方 p 值 < 0.001）之间的显着关联。购买者可以根据马的性别、品种和身体特征来预测马的气质，包括毛色、身体和腿部标记以及螺纹