ABSTRACT: Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency, causing disruption to global ecosystems. Large-scale events, such as marine heatwaves, can impact the abundance of prey species, which consequently influences the behaviour of top-level predators such as seabirds. The short-tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris is a trans-hemispheric migrant with typically a highly synchronous breeding phenology. Here, we document short-tailed shearwater colony occupancy for the period 2011-2020, with a focussed assessment of their breeding success in the 2019/20 season, which followed a marine heatwave that occurred predominantly in the non-breeding areas in the North Pacific Ocean. The return of the birds to their breeding colonies in southeast Australia was delayed by approximately 2 wk in October 2019, and the subsequent breeding season ended with only 34% breeding success, with nest abandonment beginning in the incubation phase. A North Pacific marine heatwave in 2019, associated with a mass mortality event of over 9000 birds (‘wreck’ of beach-washed birds), led to reduced adult body condition and carry-over effects causing egg and chick failures during the subsequent breeding season. Localised weather events (i.e. flooding of burrows due to heavy rainfall) also influenced breeding outcomes of the 2019/20 season. The relationship between wreck events and seabird breeding ecology is an understudied area, partly due to the difficulties around quantifying the scale of wrecks. Our study is one of few that documents poor seabird breeding success following the extreme marine conditions which have persisted in the North Pacific Ocean since 2013.

中文翻译：

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极端环境条件下短尾剪切水的繁殖成功

摘要：极端天气事件越来越频繁，对全球生态系统造成破坏。海洋热浪等大规模事件会影响猎物物种的丰度，从而影响海鸟等顶级捕食者的行为。短尾海鸥Ardenna tenuirostris是一种跨半球迁徙，通常具有高度同步的繁殖物候。在这里，我们记录了 2011 年至 2020 年期间短尾剪切水的栖息情况，重点评估了它们在 2019/20 季节的繁殖成功情况，该季节主要发生在北太平洋非繁殖区的海洋热浪海洋。2019 年 10 月，鸟类返回澳大利亚东南部的繁殖地推迟了大约 2 周，随后的繁殖季节以仅 34% 的繁殖成功结束，孵化阶段开始放弃巢穴。2019 年的北太平洋海洋热浪与 9000 多只鸟类的大规模死亡事件（被海滩冲刷的鸟类“残骸”）有关，导致成虫身体状况下降，并导致随后的繁殖季节鸡蛋和雏鸡失败的遗留效应。局部天气事件（即大雨导致洞穴泛滥）也影响了 2019/20 季节的繁殖结果。沉船事件与海鸟繁殖生态之间的关系是一个研究不足的领域，部分原因是难以量化沉船的规模。我们的研究是少数记录自 2013 年以来北太平洋持续存在的极端海洋条件导致海鸟繁殖成功率低的研究之一。部分原因是难以量化沉船的规模。我们的研究是少数记录自 2013 年以来北太平洋持续存在的极端海洋条件导致海鸟繁殖成功率低的研究之一。部分原因是难以量化沉船的规模。我们的研究是少数记录自 2013 年以来北太平洋持续存在的极端海洋条件导致海鸟繁殖成功率低的研究之一。