An optimal trade-off between resilience (the ability to survive and recover from disruptions) and affordability is highly desirable in System of Systems (SoS) architectures. However, it is difficult to design SoS architectures for these goals as existing resilience evaluation methods require detailed disruption models that are not readily available in the early stages of design. Biological ecosystems (nature's resilient SoS) achieve these goals through a unique balance of efficient and redundant interactions in their architectures—measured using the metric Degree of System Order (DoSO). This research tests if this ecological architecting principle and the DoSO metric are useful for designing resilient and affordable SoS. The resilience versus affordability tradespace of a large number of notional SoS architectures is investigated using the DoSO metric. Results indicate that the majority of Pareto optimal SoS architectures, under various disruptions, lie in the ecologically-identified favorable DoSO range. Further, SoS architectures within this DoSO range were found to have better resilience and affordability attributes, in general, than the architectures outside it. DoSO evaluation does not require knowledge of disruption scenarios and is the first network architecture metric to consider resilience versus affordability trade-offs, making it a valuable addition to the SoS engineering toolset.

中文翻译：

---

使用系统秩序度的受生态启发的弹性和负担得起的系统系统

在系统系统 (SoS) 架构中，非常需要弹性（从中断中生存和恢复的能力）和可负担性之间的最佳权衡。然而，很难为这些目标设计 SoS 架构，因为现有的弹性评估方法需要详细的中断模型，而这些模型在设计的早期阶段并不容易获得。生物生态系统（自然的弹性 SoS）通过其架构中有效和冗余交互的独特平衡来实现这些目标 - 使用度量系统顺序度 (DoSO) 来衡量。这项研究测试了这种生态架构原则和 DoSO 指标是否对设计有弹性且负担得起的 SoS 有用。使用 DoSO 指标研究了大量名义 SoS 架构的弹性与可负担性交易空间。结果表明，在各种干扰下，大多数帕累托最优 SoS 架构位于生态识别的有利 DoSO 范围内。此外，在此 DoSO 范围内的 SoS 架构被发现通常比它之外的架构具有更好的弹性和可负担性属性。DoSO 评估不需要中断场景的知识，并且是第一个考虑弹性与可负担性权衡的网络架构指标，使其成为 SoS 工程工具集的重要补充。总体而言，此 DoSO 范围内的 SoS 架构比其外的架构具有更好的弹性和可负担性属性。DoSO 评估不需要中断场景的知识，并且是第一个考虑弹性与可负担性权衡的网络架构指标，使其成为 SoS 工程工具集的重要补充。总体而言，此 DoSO 范围内的 SoS 架构比其外的架构具有更好的弹性和可负担性属性。DoSO 评估不需要中断场景的知识，并且是第一个考虑弹性与可负担性权衡的网络架构指标，使其成为 SoS 工程工具集的重要补充。