There is a complex nonlinear dynamic coupling and multi-physical damage between lightning channel and composite material. This paper aims to study the coupling mechanism between lightning channel and composite material. Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) model is established to describe physical characteristics of lightning channel. Moving mesh approach and interface tracking method are applied to deal with the dynamic damage of composites material exposed to lightning channel. This coupling numerical method is validated by a case of aluminum (Al) alloy plate under lightning channel. It is also investigated the current flow, dynamic damage, interaction mechanism of composite laminate during lightning channel attachment. The results reveal that lightning current mainly flows along carbon fiber direction in plane. Current density decreases along the depth direction of composite laminate. Magnetic field contours exhibit a whirlpool shape around the discharge channel. Electromagnetic force is perpendicular to composite laminate surface. Lightning damage morphology of composite laminate exhibits an inverted cone shape. Ablation depth is about 1.57 mm and damage area is about 2080 mm², which are consistent with experimental results. There exits mutual relationship between lightning damage morphology and lightning channel evolution.

雷电通道与复合材料之间存在复杂的非线性动态耦合和多物理损伤。本文旨在研究雷电通道与复合材料之间的耦合机制。建立磁流体动力学（MHD）模型来描述闪电通道的物理特性。应用移动网格法和界面跟踪法处理复合材料暴露在雷击通道中的动态损伤。该耦合数值方法以雷电通道下的铝（Al）合金板为例进行了验证。还研究了雷击通道附着过程中复合材料层压板的电流流动、动态损伤、相互作用机制。结果表明，雷电流在平面内主要沿碳纤维方向流动。电流密度沿复合层压板的深度方向减小。磁场轮廓在放电通道周围呈现漩涡形状。电磁力垂直于复合层压板表面。复合层压板的雷击损伤形态呈倒锥形。烧蚀深度约 1.57 毫米，损伤面积约 2080 毫米²，与实验结果一致。雷击损伤形态与雷击通道演化之间存在相互关系。