Seismic and rock physics play important roles in gas hydrate exploration and production. To provide a clear cognition of the applications of geophysical methods on gas hydrate, this work presents a review of the seismic techniques, rock physics models, and production methods in gas hydrate exploration and exploitation. We first summarize the commonly used seismic techniques in identifying the gas hydrate formations and analyze the limitations and challenges of these techniques. Then, we outline the rock physics models linking the micro-scale physical properties and macro-scale seismic velocities of gas hydrate sediments, and generalize the common workflow, showing the frequently-used procedures of building models with detailed analysis of the potential uncertainties. Afterwards, we summarize the production techniques of gas hydrate and point out the problems regarding the petrophysical basis and abnormal seismic responses. In the end, considering the geological and engineering problems, we come up with several aspects of using geophysical techniques to solve the problems in gas hydrate exploration and production, hopefully to provide some important clues for future studies of gas hydrate.

地震和岩石物理学在天然气水合物勘探和生产中发挥着重要作用。为清晰认识地球物理方法在天然气水合物中的应用，本文综述了天然气水合物勘探开发中的地震技术、岩石物理模型和生产方法。我们首先总结了识别天然气水合物地层的常用地震技术，并分析了这些技术的局限性和挑战。然后，我们概述了连接天然气水合物沉积物微观物理特性和宏观地震速度的岩石物理模型，并概括了常见的工作流程，展示了建立模型的常用程序，并详细分析了潜在的不确定性。之后，总结了天然气水合物的生产技术，指出了其岩石物理基础和异常地震反应存在的问题。最后，结合地质和工程问题，提出了利用地球物理技术解决天然气水合物勘探开发问题的几个方面，希望为今后天然气水合物的研究提供一些重要线索。