The present study was aimed to evaluate the antifeedant, larvicidal, pupicidal, biochemical effects of Vernonia anthelmintica seeds mediated AgNPs against Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. The potential antifeedant activity of synthesized AgNPs were 86.90% and 89.83% and larvicidal activity of (LC₅₀) 56.42 μg/mL and 63.65 μg/mL against S. litura and H. armigera respectively. Furthermore, larval growth duration was increased as 13.66 and 15.85 days on S. litura and H. armigera as compared to control 7.83 and 8.05 days. The AgNPs caused larvicidal activity of (LC₅₀) 45.14 µg/mL and 53.23 µg/mL against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The increased α esterase level of 85.00, 85.33 0.49 and 0.53 μg napthol produced/min/mg larval protein and β esterase level of 92.66, 101.67, 0.53 and 0.48 μg napthol produced/min/mg larval protein and glutathione S-transferase enzyme level of 146.33, 160.00, 0.75 and 0.65 μmol/min/mg larval proteins on S. litura, H. armigera, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The damaged midget cells and peritrophic membrane was observed on treated larvae of S. litura, H. armigera, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Conclusively, biosynthesised of AgNPs using V. anthelmintica seeds were used as potential biopesticide for controlling S. litura and H. armigera, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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使用斑鸠菊 (L.) Willd 轻松合成银纳米粒子。以及它们对斜纹夜蛾 (Fab.)、棉铃虫 (Hüb.)、埃及伊蚊的毒性。和库蚊 quinquefasciatus 说

本研究旨在评估斑鸠菊种子介导的 AgNPs 对斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、库蚊和埃及伊蚊的拒食、杀幼虫、杀幼虫和生化作用。合成的AgNPs对斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫的潜在拒食活性分别为86.90% 和89.83%，(LC ₅₀ ) 56.42 μg/mL 和63.65 μg/mL 的杀幼虫活性。此外，斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫幼虫的生长持续时间分别增加了 13.66 天和 15.85 天与对照相比为 7.83 天和 8.05 天。AgNPs对Ae 的杀幼虫活性为 (LC ₅₀ ) 45.14 µg/mL 和 53.23 µg/mL 。埃及和Cx。金雀花。α 酯酶水平增加 85.00、85.33、0.49 和 0.53 μg 萘酚生产/分钟/mg 幼虫蛋白，β 酯酶水平增加 92.66、101.67、0.53 和 0.48 μg 萘酚酶水平/分钟/mg 幼虫蛋白和 S-谷胱甘肽转移酶水平146.33、160.00、0.75 和 0.65 μmol/min/mg 在斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、Ae上的幼虫蛋白。埃及和Cx。金雀花。在经处理​​的斜纹夜蛾幼虫上观察到受损的侏儒细胞和围营养膜，棉铃虫，阂。埃及和Cx。五花肉。决定性，生物合成使用的AgNPs的V.驱虫种子用作潜在生物杀虫剂用于控制斜纹夜蛾和棉铃实夜蛾，阂。埃及和Cx。金雀花。

图形摘要