Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is a complex process, with an interplay of multiple molecular signaling pathways. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and NF-κB are important hallmark proteins responsible for the transition from inflammation to colon cancer. Due to the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, there is an imperative need to develop new drugs, and recently, nanoparticles found to be promising strategy in tumor detection, prevention and treatment of cancer. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved with the help of Eucalyptus globulus L. leaf extract. Using a typical XRD pattern, NanoSight and TEM technique, the size and shape of the biogenic AgNPs were determined as ~ 20 nm and spherical. The cytotoxicity study exhibited a dose-dependent effect against HCT116 cells, with an inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 1.152 µg/ml. In addition, AgNPs effectively inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, with increased ROS production compared to untreated cells. Further, mechanistic analysis revealed that AgNPs arrested the cell cycle, downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic, inflammatory, stem cell markers, and upregulated the apoptotic genes in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, for the first time, we report the green synthesis of AgNPs using E. globulus leaf extract that has potential anticancer activity with dual inhibitory action on COX-2 and NF-κB expression.

结直肠癌 (CRC) 进展是一个复杂的过程，涉及多个分子信号通路的相互作用。环氧合酶-2 (COX-2) 和 NF-κB 是负责从炎症到结肠癌转变的重要标志蛋白。由于化疗药物的副作用，迫切需要开发新药，最近，发现纳米粒子在肿瘤检测、预防和治疗癌症方面是有前景的策略。在蓝桉的帮助下实现了银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 的生物合成L. 叶提取物。使用典型的 XRD 模式、NanoSight 和 TEM 技术，生物 AgNPs 的大小和形状被确定为 ~ 20 nm 和球形。细胞毒性研究显示出对 HCT116 细胞的剂量依赖性作用，抑制浓度 (IC ₅₀ ) 为 1.152 µg/ml。此外，与未处理的细胞相比，AgNPs 有效地抑制了增殖、集落形成，并增加了 ROS 的产生。此外，机制分析显示，AgNPs 阻止细胞周期，下调抗凋亡、炎症、干细胞标志物的表达，并上调 HCT116 细胞中的凋亡基因。总之，我们首次报告了使用E. globulus绿色合成 AgNPs 叶提取物具有潜在的抗癌活性，对 COX-2 和 NF-κB 表达具有双重抑制作用。