This paper intends to explore the roles of a variety of income-related attributes of the problem of energy poverty which should be considered in the policy-making for alleviating various constraints for essential access of the people to useable energy. This inquiry scrutinizes the drivers of energy poverty in the settings of development stages by using the data of 190 countries grouped under low-income, middle-income, and high-income brackets from 1991 to 2019. For being a multifaceted issue, this study adopts the definition of access to modern energy facilities in the form of electricity consumption as a popular proxy for energy poverty. The empirical model conducts advanced panel cointegration methods i.e., panel ARDL based on pooled mean group and panel quantile regression. The findings of the study illustrate that the influence of different factors on access to electricity is heterogeneous along with the three panels of countries. The derived heterogeneity of employment, inflation, GDP, education, stock market returns and liquid liabilities over energy poverty is due to the diversified demographics of the low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. The study found that the stage of economic development is a key factor in the determination of energy poverty, and this has important policy implications at the global level while accounting for the income attributes of the relevant countries.

本文旨在探讨能源贫困问题的各种与收入相关的属性所起的作用，这些属性应在决策中加以考虑，以减轻人们获得可用能源的基本机会的各种限制。本次调查使用 1991 年至 2019 年按低收入、中等收入和高收入组别分组的 190 个国家的数据，仔细审查了发展阶段环境中能源贫困的驱动因素。作为一个多方面的问题，本研究采用以电力消费的形式获得现代能源设施的定义是能源贫困的普遍代表。经验模型采用先进的面板协整方法，即基于合并平均组和面板分位数回归的面板 ARDL。研究结果表明，不同因素对电力获取的影响与三个国家面板一样是异质的。就业、通货膨胀、GDP、教育、股票市场回报和流动负债在能源贫困方面的衍生异质性是由于低收入、中等收入和高收入国家的人口结构多样化。研究发现，经济发展阶段是决定能源贫困的关键因素，考虑到相关国家的收入属性，这在全球层面具有重要的政策意义。低收入、中等收入和高收入国家的人口结构多样化，导致能源贫困的股票市场回报和流动负债。研究发现，经济发展阶段是决定能源贫困的关键因素，考虑到相关国家的收入属性，这在全球层面具有重要的政策意义。低收入、中等收入和高收入国家的人口结构多样化，导致能源贫困的股票市场回报和流动负债。研究发现，经济发展阶段是决定能源贫困的关键因素，考虑到相关国家的收入属性，这在全球层面具有重要的政策意义。