In this study, MgO particles were synthesized via sol–gel technique and calcined at 600 °C for 2 h with heating rates of 2, 5, 10, and 20 °C/min, respectively, for the first time. Comprehensive characterizations were performed by TGA-DTA, XRD, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, BET analysis, photoluminescence techniques. The kinetic parameters were determined by employing four popular model-free methods: Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sonuse (KAS), Starink, and Tang methods. MgO powders had a high crystalline structure regardless of different heating rates based on XRD results. Surface morphologies and surface areas of MgO powders did not change with heating rates. Surface morphologies of MgO powders were found to be nearly spherical with some rounded shape and exhibiting faceted edges in some regions. The specific surface area of MgO powders was found to be 5.9179, 5.6883, 3.6617, and 4.1942 m²/g with increasing heating rate, respectively. According to Raman analysis, MgO particles produced at 2 °C/min possessed higher surface defects like oxygen vacancies. The PL emission signals for MgO particles were observed at ~500 nm consisting of broad peaks, which might be attributed to oxygen defects on the surface of particles. The antibacterial performances of MgO particles were carried out against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive B. subtilis by means of the agar disc diffusion method. MgO particles produced at a heating rate of 2 °C/min possessed the biggest inhibition zone against gram-positive B. subtilis. Having better antibacterial performances for MgO particles produced at 2 °C/min heating rate might be attributed to surface oxygen vacancies and surface area, which led to the generation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS).

在这项研究中，MgO 颗粒是通过溶胶-凝胶技术合成的，并首次在 600°C 下以 2、5、10 和 20°C/min 的加热速率煅烧 2 小时。通过 TGA-DTA、XRD、SEM、拉曼光谱、BET 分析、光致发光技术进行综合表征。动力学参数通过采用四种流行的无模型方法确定：Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)、Kissinger-Akahira-Sonuse (KAS)、Starink 和 Tang 方法。无论基于 XRD 结果的加热速率如何，MgO 粉末都具有高结晶结构。MgO 粉末的表面形貌和表面积不随加热速率而变化。发现 MgO 粉末的表面形态接近球形，具有一些圆形形状，并在某些区域显示出刻面边缘。² /g 分别随着加热速率的增加而增加。根据拉曼分析，以 2°C/min 产生的 MgO 颗粒具有更高的表面缺陷，如氧空位。在~500 nm 处观察到 MgO 颗粒的 PL 发射信号，由宽峰组成，这可能归因于颗粒表面的氧缺陷。采用琼脂圆盘扩散法测定MgO颗粒对革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌性能。以 2 °C/min 的加热速率产生的 MgO 颗粒对革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌具有最大的抑菌圈. 在 2°C/min 加热速率下产生的 MgO 颗粒具有更好的抗菌性能可能归因于表面氧空位和表面积，这导致产生更多的活性氧 (ROS)。