Precise theoretical predictions are a key ingredient for an accurate determination of the structure of the Lagrangian of particle physics, including its free parameters, which summarizes our understanding of the fundamental interactions among particles. Furthermore, due to the absence of clear new-physics signals, precise theoretical calculations are required to pin down possible subtle deviations from the Standard Model predictions. The error associated with such calculations must be scrutinized, as non-perturbative power corrections, dubbed infrared renormalons, can limit the ultimate precision of truncated perturbative expansions in quantum chromodynamics. In this review, we focus on linear power corrections that can arise in certain kinematic distributions relevant for collider phenomenology where an operator product expansion is missing, e.g. those obtained from the top-quark decay products, shape observables and the transverse momentum of massive gauge bosons. Only the last one is found to be free from such corrections, while the mass of the system comprising the top decay products has a larger power correction if the perturbative expansion is expressed in terms of a short-distance mass instead of the pole mass. A proper modelization of non-perturbative corrections is crucial in the context of shape observables to obtain reliable strong coupling constant extractions.

精确的理论预测是准确确定粒子物理学拉格朗日结构的关键因素，包括其自由参数，它总结了我们对粒子之间基本相互作用的理解。此外，由于缺乏清晰的新物理信号，需要精确的理论计算来确定与标准模型预测可能存在的细微偏差。必须仔细检查与此类计算相关的错误，因为非微扰功率校正（称为红外重整子）会限制量子色动力学中截断微扰展开的最终精度。在这篇综述中，我们关注线性功率修正，这些修正可能出现在与对撞机现象学相关的某些运动学分布中，其中缺少算子乘积扩展，例如 那些从顶夸克衰变产物、形状可观测量和大质量规范玻色子的横向动量中获得的。只有最后一个被发现没有这样的修正，而如果微扰膨胀用短距离质量而不是极点质量来表示，那么包含顶部衰减产物的系统的质量具有更大的功率修正。在形状可观察量的背景下，非微扰校正的适当建模对于获得可靠的强耦合常数提取至关重要。而如果微扰膨胀用短距离质量而不是极点质量来表示，则包含顶部衰减产物的系统的质量具有更大的功率校正。在形状可观察量的背景下，非微扰校正的适当建模对于获得可靠的强耦合常数提取至关重要。而如果微扰膨胀用短距离质量而不是极点质量来表示，则包含顶部衰减产物的系统的质量具有更大的功率校正。在形状可观察量的背景下，非微扰校正的适当建模对于获得可靠的强耦合常数提取至关重要。